A R I 
ARlOS'TO^LuJovico, or Lewis), a celebrated Italian 
yoet, was bora at the caftle of Reggio, in Lombardy, in 
1474. Me loon gave marks of his great genius ; for. when 
very young, he compofed feveral excellent poetical pieces, 
one of the molt remarkable of which is the llory ot Pyra- 
nuts and Thilbe, which he formed into a play, and had it 
acted by his brothers and fitters. This performance gained 
him great applaufe, all who law it prefaging he w ould 
prove one of the greateft poets of the age. His father, 
however, being a man of no tafte for learning, regarded 
more what ftudy would be molt profitable for his Ion to 
follow, than what fuited his genius and inclination : he 
obliged him, therefore, to apply.to the law, which he did 
for iome years, though with great reluctance; but, upon 
his father’s death, he returned to the more agreeable pur- 
fuits of poetry'.' When Ariofto was about thirty years of 
age, he was introduced to Hippohto, cardinal of Ette, a 
great patron of learned men, who entertained him in a 
very honourable manner. The fuccefs which he had hi¬ 
therto had in the little poetical pieces he had publifhed, 
infpired him with the ambition of dittinguilbing himfelf 
by l'onie nobler work. He read Homer and Virgil with vaft 
carefulnefs ; and, having in his eye thofe great originals, 
he began a poem on the loves of Orlando, taking the lub- 
jeCt from Borjado’s “ Orlando Inamorato,” upon whofe 
model he proceeded. It is the molt celebrated of all his 
works, though there have been many different opinions 
concerning it. But his attachment to poetry did not hinder 
him from engaging in public affairs, for he was employed 
in embaffies and negotiations in different parts of Italy. 
Lpon the death of Hippolito, he engaged in the fervice 
of Alphonfo, duke of Ferrara, who treated him with great 
efteemand affeCtion, and appointed him governor of Graf- 
fignana, which office he difeharged with great honour and 
fuccefs. After lus return home, he dedicated the reft of 
his life to retirement, profecuting his ftudies in a houfe 
which he built for himfelf at Ferrara. He tranflated fe¬ 
veral pieces out of French and Spanifh into Italian ; and 
wrote alfo feveral fatires, which, according to Mr. Menage, 
are efteemeu by the belt judges. 1'here are likewife five 
comedies of his extant, which the duke of Ferrara was fo 
pleafed with, that he erefted a magnificent fhige in the hall 
of Ferrara for the reprefentation of them, and made the 
author fe' rial confiderabie prefents. At his defire Ariofto 
tranflated th Maenechmi of Plautus into Italian, which 
was exhibit- - with great fuccefs. 
Ariofto was of an amorous difpofition, and left two na¬ 
tural Ions, lie was affable, eafy, and condefcending in 
his temper. He enjoyed the friendfhip of the mod emi¬ 
nent fcholars of his time, molt of whom he mentions with 
great reipebl in the laft canto of his Orlando Furiofo. His 
conftitution w as but weakly, fo that he was obliged to have 
recourfe to phyficians the greateft part of his life. He died 
at Ferrara, the 8;!i of July, 1533, aged fifty-nine. 
. .Rl'PO, a to an of Alia, on the weftern coaft of the 
ifland of Ceylon, at the mouth of the river Sarunda. It 
belongs to the Dutch: and to the caft of it is a pearl- 
fifhery. Lat.tj 42. N. Ion. 80. 25. E. 
AR 1 S', a to- 1 of Polifli Pruffia, feventy-four miles 
Jouth-fouth-eafi of Konifberg. 
ARI'SARUM. See Am brosinia, and Arum. 
ARIS'BA, anciently a town of the ifland of Lefbos. 
Another of Tr .is, on the continent, in the territory and 
to the foutli-eaft of Abydos, the rendezvous of Alexan¬ 
der’s army after the pallage of the Heilefpont; a colony 
of Mjtylenians, taken and plundered by Achilles. Virgil . 
The refidence of Axylus, celebrated by Homer for liis 
hospitality, which gained him the character of friend to 
mankind. 
To ARI'SE, v.n. pret- arofe, particip. arifen: [from a 
and riff To mount upward as the fun: 
He rofe, and, looking up, beheld the fkies 
With purple blufliing, and the day arife. Dryden v 
T p get up as from fieep, or from relL—How long wilt 
A R 1 , S5 
thou fteep, O Haggard! when wilt thou a rife out of thy 
deep ? Prov. vi. 9. To come into view, as from obfeu- 
rity.—There ftiall arifei alfe Cliriffs and faile prophets. 
Matt. xxiv. To revive from death.—Thy dead men ftuilF 
live, together with my body (hail they arife; awake and 
fing, ye that dwell in dull. Ifaiah , xxvr. 19, r I o proceed, 
or have its original.—1 know not what mifehief may arife 
hereafter, from the example of an innovation. Dryden. 
To enter upon a new ftation, to fucceed to power or officer 
Another Mary then arofe, 
And did rig’rous laws impofe. Cowley. 
To commence hoftility.—And when he arofe againft me, 
I caught him by his beard, and froote him. 1 Sam. xvii. 35 
For the various fenfes of this w ord, lee Ris£. 
A'RISH (El), a town of Egypt, near a gulf of the' 
Mediterranean, to which it gives name, in the road from 
Catieh to Gaza, 42 miles eaft-north-eaft of Catieh, and- 
115 nerth-eaft of Suez. 
Arish, f. a Perfian long meafure, containing about 
thirty-eight Englifh inches. 
ARl'Sl, /. the Indian name for the plant which pro¬ 
duces the rice. See Orvza. 
ARl'STA,y, [from arco, Lat. to dry up; or more 
properly from rxnj? arizah , Arab.] The beard of corn. 
ARIST-TPt/S, Ion of Apollo and Cyrene, whom, for 
the many fervices he had rendered to mankind by his 
knowledge of all profitable arts, the gods placed amongft 
the ftars; fo that he was the Aquarius in the zodiac. Hie 
refemblance of his hiftory to that of Mofes, has been curi--- 
oully dilcufted by Huetius. 
ARISTAN'DER, a famous foothfayer under Alexan¬ 
der the Great, over whom he gained a wonderful influence 
by the good fuccefs of his art. He had held the fame em¬ 
ployment at the court of king Philip ; and it was lie who 
explained better than his brethren the dream that this 
prince had after his marriage with Olympias. 
ARISTAR'CHUS, a Grecian philofoplier, born in Sa¬ 
mos, is laid to be the firl’t who maintained the earth to- 
turn upon its centre, and to deferibe a circle yearly round 
the fun; an opinion, revived and eflablilhed by Coperni¬ 
cus and Galileo, and now univerfaily received. Vitruvius, 
fpeaking of certain mathematicians who had made ufefuL 
difeoveries, places Ariftarclms in the firft rank: he men¬ 
tions a kind of fun-dial of his inventing. It is not certain 
when lie lived ; but, from the mention made of him by 
Archimedes, he mult have flouriflied before liis death* 
None of his works remain, except a treatife “ Upon the 
Greatnefs and Difiance of the Sun and Moon.” Ariftar- 
chus did not fuffer perfecution and imprifonment as Ga¬ 
lileo lince did, for removing the liability of the earth; 
though, as we learn from a corrected pailage in Plutarch, 
he was thought by Iome to be guilty of great impiety. 
Aristarchus, a celebrated grammarian, was born in 
Samothracia, and refided at Alexandria. He was much 
efteemed by Ptolemy Philometer, who committed to him 
the education of his llm. He applied himfelf exceedingly 
to criticifm, and was the moft celebrated of all the emen- 
dators of Homer; on which account liis very name be¬ 
came proverbial, as the prince cf critics. 
Argue t ambigue ditlum, mutanda mutabit, 
Diet Ariflarchus. Hor. 
Whatever he deemed fpurious in Homer was rejected as- 
fuch by fubfequent editors. We are not, however, to*' 
imagine that his corrections were always made on the au¬ 
thority of exemplars: it is mere probable that he changed, 
or expunged, that which he himfelf deemed unworthy of 
Homer, in the copies that he had before him: hence Ci¬ 
cero fays, Ai f.arek.ui Homeri v^rfum negat, quern non probat „ 
In his manners lie was rigid and auftere ; and finally, be¬ 
coming dropfical, and not being able to find a remedy, is 
fa-id to have fiarved himfelf to death at the age of 7,2. 
ARISTA'TUS, f. JTrom .ariflaf Bearded, or having 
the arilta. 
ARISTE'A, 
