A R I S T O 
bacco-pipes; by the trifid {Tat border; by the very large 
braiie placed on the middle of the peduncle ; by the dil- 
pofition of the feeds, and the aril common to all the feeds 
of each cell. Native of North America. It flowers in 
June and July. Monf. L’Heritier fays, that it flowers in 
the fpring, and ripens its feed in autumn, but rarely. 
i2. Ariftolochia anguicida, or fnake-killing birthwort: 
leaves cordate, acuminate, (iem twining, flirubby, pedun¬ 
cles folitary, (lipules cordate. Root long, thick, pale- 
coloured. If the juice of the root, mixed with the faliva, 
be put into the mouth of a ferpent, it may be handled with 
fafety; but will return to itfelf after fome hours. Seve¬ 
ral of the other fpecies have the reputation of being fatal 
to ferpents. Native of Mexico and the Weft Indies. 
ij. Ariftolochiamaurorum, or moorifh birthwort: leaves 
haftate, quite entire; (lent weak, Ample ; flowers folitary, 
recurved. Stems feveral, flender, filiform, whitifti, from 
the upper part of which come feven or eight leaves on each 
fide, aftt-coloured. The plant has an unpleafant fmell; 
and the root, which runs deep into the ground, appears to 
be of the fame quality with feveral other forts of birthwort. 
Rauwolff obferved it about Aleppo, in olive-grounds. 
14. Ariftolochia indica, or Indian birthwort : leaves 
cordate, rather acute, ftem twining, peduncles many-ftow- 
ered. Stems flirubby, round, flender, ftriated, branched, 
long, interwoven. Leaves quite entire, fmooth, frequent¬ 
ly ret ufe or emarginate, never acuminate, on petioles two 
or three lines in length ; on the twigs they are blunt, al- 
1110ft tranfverfe at the bafe. Native of the Eaft Indies and 
Cochinchina. The whole plant is bitter, without much 
fmell. The root is thought to be attenuant and deobftruent. 
15. Ariftolochia bcctica, or Spanifti birthwort : leaves 
cordate, rather acute, ftem twining, peduncles about three, 
longer than the petiole. Root very long, pale-coloured, 
fomewhat aftringent with manifeft acrimony. The whole 
plant is odorous. Stems flender and ftriated, creeping over 
hedges and bullies. Leaves acuminate, the upper furface 
fmooth and green, the lower vvhitifh purple, on. long pe¬ 
tioles. Flower crooked, oblong, very dark purple, pube- 
feent within, on very long peduncles. Found by Clufius 
about Seville, and in feveral other places of Andalufia. 
Evergreen, and flowering in January and February. Cul¬ 
tivated by Gerard, in 1597, and called by him and Ray 
tlimbing birthwort . 
16. Ariftolochia fempervirens, or evergreen birthwort : 
leaves cordate-oblong, acuminate, waved ; ftem weak, 
flowers folitary. Roots many, flender, odorous. Stems 
many, trailing, flender, a foot or eighteen inches in length, 
angular, ftriated, branched, tough, and pliable, dark green, 
fpreading on the ground. Leaves nerved, very dark co¬ 
loured, evergreen, on long petioles. Flowers axillary, 
crooked, longer than the leaves, of a dark purple colour 
on the outfide, but yellowilh within. Fruits like thofe of 
long-rooted birthwort, but fmaller. Native of the illand 
of Crete or Candia. It flowers in May and June. 
17. Ariftolochia ferpentaria, or Virginia birthwort or 
fnake-root: leaves cordate-oblong, flat; (lems weak, flexu- 
ofe, round ; flowers folitary. Root a congeries of fmall 
fibres, of a yellow colour, and aromatic fmell and tafte. 
One or two Items rife from it, fmooth or very little hairy, 
the joints very knotty, generally eredl. Leaves, one at 
each knot, flender, long, acuminate, fomew hat hairy above, 
rough with protuberant nerves underneath, rather gluti¬ 
nous. One or two flowers grow clofe to the ground; thefe 
differ in form from the other fpecies, terminating in a 
broad round heel, fupporting the lip, the centre of which 
opens into the hollow of the flower, and is of a dark pur¬ 
ple ; the reft of the flower is of a muddy colour. Capfule 
pear-fhaped, near an inch in diameter. A.fter the feeds 
are ripe,, the Hems decay. It flowers in May, and perfects 
its feeds in Auguft. The root is a warm diaphoretic and 
diuretic. It is reckoned one of the principal medicines of 
the alexipharmic kind; and as fueh is in general ufe in 
low malignant fevers and epidemic difeafes. It is given in 
iubftan.ee from a few grains to a fcrugle or half a dram.; 
LOCHIA. 159 
in decoction or infufion, to a dram and upwards. A tinc¬ 
ture of it is prepared by digefting three ounces in a quart 
of fpirit of wine eight days; and a fpirituous alexeterial 
water mixed with one-fixth its quantity of diftilled water. 
It is alfo an ingredient in the compound tincture of bark, 
and the calaplafma cumini. Native of Virginia and Carolina. 
i 3 . Ariftolochia piftolochia : leaves cordate, crenulate, 
netted underneath, petioled ; flowers folitary. Roots round, 
numerous. Stems angular, branching, feldom rifing to a 
foot in height, and fearcely able to lupport themfelves. 
The flower is fmall, the lip is bent inwards; the tube and 
beginning of the petal are yellow, the broader end is blood- 
coloured. Native of the fouth of France, Switzerland, 
and Spain. Cultivated by Gerard in 1596. 
19. Ariftolochia rotunda, or round-rooted birthwort; 
leaves cordate, fubfeffile, obtufe; ftem weak; flowers fo¬ 
litary. Roots roundifh, growing to the fize of fmall tur¬ 
nips. They fend out three or four weak trailing branches, 
which lie on the ground where they are not fupported, and 
extend to the length of two feet. The leaves are rounded 
at the end. The flowers come out fingly, clofe to the pe¬ 
tioles, towards the upper part of the ftalk ; they are of a 
purplifh black colour. There is a variety named by Caf- 
par Bauhin arijlolochia rotunda, Jlorc ex albo purpurafeente , 
which differs from the other, not only in the colour of the 
flower, but in the leaves and fruit. It is laid alfo to be 
hardier, and to flower earlier. Round-rooted birthwort 
is a native of the fouth of Europe, and flowers from June 
through the autumn. 
20. Ariftolochia longa, of long-rooted birthwort: leaves 
cordate, petioled, obtufe; ftem weak, flowers folitary, 
fruits ovate. This has longer foot-ftalks than the fore¬ 
going ; the flowers are not fo long, and are of a pale pur¬ 
ple colour. The ftalks of both decay in autumn, and new 
ones are pruduced in the fpring. Native of the fouth of 
Europe and Japan. 
21. Ariftolochia hirfuta-, or rough birthwort: leaves 
cordate, rather obtufe, fhaggy; flowers folitary, pendu¬ 
lous, recurved, fubtruncate. This has fome refemblance 
to the foregoing, but the leaves are hairy, and not fa 
deeply eared at the bottom ; the flowers alfo are much- 
larger. if is thus deferibed by Tournefort, who firft ob- 
ferved it. The root is a foot and a half or two feet in 
length, and two inches in thicknefs, hard, woody, yellow¬ 
ilh marbled with rays of white and ruflet, covered with a 
rough bark of a purplifh colour; it lias only few fibres, 
and is infupportably bitter. Stems two feet high, firm, 
folid, two lines in thicknefs, pale green, channelled, pur¬ 
plifh at the bafe, lying on the ground. At each knot is a 
(ingle leaf, three inches long, and two wide at the bafe, 
which is rounded into two ears, above thefe it becomes 
fenfibly narrower ; the upper furface is brownifh-green. 
Alining, and veined in trapeziums. I'rom their axils fpring 
a flower, bent in the ftiape of an S, three inches and a half 
long, on a peduncle from one to two inches in length ; 
the bafe is eight or nine lines wide, pale-green mixed with 
purple, and angular; the tube is half an inch over, termi¬ 
nated by a throat eighteen or twenty lines in diameter, and 
almoft oval; the hollow of it is befet with white hairs, a 
line and a half in length ; the bottom is purple, black, 
and livid, with fome (freaks of a paler colour, inclining to 
yellow, and it has a large fu elling where the throat begins 
to contrail; the infide of the tube is bhtckilh-purple, anti 
covered with hairs, as is alfo the bafe, which is of a paler 
colour. This flower has no fmell. The whole of the plant 
is bitter. Native of the ifland of Scio or Chios. 
22. Ariftolochia clematitis, or common birthwort: leaves 
cordate, ftem erect, flowers axillary, crowded. Common 
birthwort has an-ereCt ftem, from two to three feet high- 
Leaves obtufely heart-fhaped, above bright, beneath pale 
green, fmooth, veiny, on footftalks nearly as long as the 
leaves. Flowers axillary, fometimes fix or more, on pe¬ 
duncles ereft or hanging down, yeilowifh green, ftriated, 
the lip often tinged with purple. It dyes wool of a good: 
yellow ; and.is in flower from June to September.. Native- 
