i 9 4 ARM 
creafed ; lie has built a handfome palace, and a noble 
houfe for the fchool, vvliich is a royal foundation; to 
which he added a public library for the promotion of fci- 
ence. 1-Ie has alfo erected an obfervatory, with a liberal 
income for an aflronOmer, fecuring the endowments by fe- 
veral aCts of the legiflature. It is fixty-two miles north of 
Dublin, and forty-fix fouth-fouth-eafl of Londonderry. 
Lat.54.2T.N- Ion. 6. 35. W. Greenwich. 
ARMA'GIA, a town of Arabia, fixty-eight miles fouth 
of Cathem. 
ARMAGNAC', a province of Guienne in France, fo 
called before the late new divifion; fifty-five miles in 
length and forty in breadth ; bounded on the eaft by Lan¬ 
guedoc, on the fouth by Bigorre and Bearn, on the weft 
by Gafcony, and on the north by Condontois and Agenois. 
Auch is the capital town. It now forms part of the de¬ 
partment of Gers. It is fertile in corn and wine, and car¬ 
ries on a confiderable trade in brandy, wool, &c. 
ARMAMAX'I, f. in antiquity, Scythian chariots or 
carriages, cornpofedof two wheels, varioufly adorned with 
crowns, fhields, breaft-plates, and other fpoils, carried in 
procelfion after the images of the gods and great men. 
AR'MAMENT, f. [ armamcntum , I.at.] A force equip¬ 
ped for war ; generally ufed of a naval force. 
ARMAMEN'TARY, f. [ armamentarium , Lat.] An ar¬ 
moury; a magazine or arfenal of warlike implements. 
AR'MAN, f. A confection for refloring appetite in 
liorfes. 
ARMAN'CE, a river of France, which runs into the 
Armanjon, near St. Florentin, in the department of the 
Y onne. 
ARMANCON', or Armanson, a river of France, 
which rifes near Semur-en-Auxois, and runs into the 
Yonne near Ivigny. 
AR'MANTHWAITE, a village in Cumberland, ad¬ 
joining Oufebridge, at the foot of Baflingthwaite-water. 
It commands a pretty profpect of this beautiful lake, of 
the romantic hills of Withop on the right, the lofty Skid- 
daw on the left, and the diflant hills of Borrowdale, or 
Kefwick, terminate the view. 
ARM A'TA, a furname of Venus, fo called by the Lace¬ 
daemonians, becaufe her image was reprefented in armour. 
ARMATU'RA,/. in the ancient military art, a kind 
of excrcife, performed with mi dive weapons, as darts, 
fpears, arrows, and the like. The armatura was pradifed 
with great diligence among the Romans; and they had 
their campidodores, on purpofe to inftrud the tyrones or 
young foldiers in it. Armatura is alfo a denomination gi¬ 
ven to the foldiers in the emperor’s retinue. Of thefe we 
find two fchools, mentioned in the Notitia Imperii , called 
the armaturafeniores and armatura juniores. Their com¬ 
mander was intitled trib'unus armaturarum. 
AR'MATURE, f. [ armatura, Lat.] Armour; fome- 
thing to defend the body from hurt.—Others diould be 
armed with hard (hells; others with prickles; the reft, 
that have no fuch armature, fhould be endued with great 
fwiftnefs and pernicity. Ray. Otfenfive weapons ; lefs pro¬ 
perly.—The double armature is a more deftrudive engine 
than the tumultuary weapon. 
AR'ME, f. [from to adapt.] A jundion of the 
lips of wounds; alfo the joining of the futures of the 
head. 
AR'MED, adj. in heraldry, is ufed in refped of beads 
and birds of prey, when their teeth, horns, feet, beak, ta¬ 
lons, or tufks, are of a different colour from the reft ; as, 
He bears a cock or a falcon armed , or. Chalmers. 
Armed, in the fca-language. A crofs-bar (hot is faid to 
be armed, when fome rope-yarn or the like is rolled about 
the end of the iron-bar which runs through the (hot. 
Armed Chair, f. An elbow chair, or a chair with 
refts for the arms. 
ARME'NE, or Armi'na, anciently a hamlet of Paphla- 
gonia. Ptolemy. The inhabitants encompaffed it with a 
wall, becaufe of the coldnefs of the place, imagining by 
that means to render it wanner. But this, proving inef- 
A R M 
fedual, gave rife to the proverb Armenen muro cingere, ufed 
to exprefs fome egregious folly. 
ARME'NIA, a country of Ada, anciently divided into 
Armenia Major and Minor. Armenia Major, according 
to Strabo, was bounded on the fouth by mount Taurus, 
which feparated it from Mefopotamia; on the eaft, by the 
two Medias; on the north, by Iberia and Albania, or ra¬ 
ther that part of mount Caucafus which fill-rounds them 
both ; and on the weft, by Armenia Minor, or the moun¬ 
tains Paryadres, fome Pontic nations, and the Euphrates. 
The mod confiderable cities were A rtaxata, Tigranocerta, 
and Thedofiopolis. Armenia Minor was bounded on the 
eaft by the Euphrates; on the fouth by mount Taurus, 
which feparated it from Cilicia ; on the weft and north, 
by a long chain of mountains, called in different places 
Mans Scordifcus, Amanus , and Antitaurus, by which it was 
feparated from Cappadocia. 
Whence this traCt received its name, is not determined. 
The Greeks fuppofe it to be fo called from Armenus, who 
attended Jafon in the Argonautic expedition, and after¬ 
wards fettled in this country. Others, transforming Ar¬ 
menia into Aramia, derive it from Aram the fon of Shem, 
or from one of the kings of Armenia bearing that name. 
Bochart imagines it to be a contraction or compound of 
Aar, a Hebrew word fignifying a “mountain,” and Mini , 
fignifying “ metal,” and which was the name of a province 
of Armenia mentioned by the prophet Jeremiah. Hero¬ 
dotus derives the ancient Armenians from the Phrygians, 
becaufe feveral Phrygian words were found in the ancient 
Armenian language. But Strabo conceives them to have 
been originally Syrians ; which Bochart alfo thinks the 
rnoft probable opinion. 
Armenia is ranked very early among the ancient king¬ 
doms. Berofus makes Sytha the firft founder of this mo¬ 
narchy, whofe fucceffor Bardanes was driven out by Ninus 
king of Alfyria. Plutarch mentions Araxes king of Ar¬ 
menia, who, in a war with the Perfians, being alfured of 
fuccefs by an oracle, provided he facrificed his two daugh¬ 
ters, caufed the two daughters of Miefalcus, a nobleman 
of his court, to be facrificed in their (lead, vainly flatter¬ 
ing himfelf that he thereby complied with the oracle. But 
Miefalcus did not fail to revenge the injury, by putting 
the king’s two daughters to death, and immediately at¬ 
tacking and purfuing the king, who was drowned in at¬ 
tempting to fwim acrofs the Araxes, which was then called 
Helmus. The Armenians were in procefs of time fubdued 
by the Medes, to whom Aftyages made them tributaries, 
but allowed them to be governed by their own kings; 
but, on the diffolution of the Median empire by Cyrus, the 
kingdom was reduced to the form of a province, and they 
were governed by Perfian prefects or lieutenants. On the 
deftruclion of the Perfian empire by Alexander the Great, 
Armenia fell into the hands of the Macedonians; to whom 
it continued fubjeCt till the beginning of the reign of An- 
tiochus the Great. This prince having appointed two 
prefects called Zadriades and Artaxos to govern Armenia, 
they excited the people to a revolt, and caufed themfelves 
to be proclaimed king of the provinces over which th'ey 
prelided. Antiochus being then very young, they were 
attended with fuccefs beyond their expectation ; which 
encouraged them to attempt the enlargement of their ter¬ 
ritories. Accordingly, invading the neighbouring coun¬ 
tries, they took from the Medes the provinces of Cafpiana, 
Phaunitia, and Baforopida ; from the Iberians, Chorzena 
and Gogorena on the other fide of the Cyrus ; from the 
Chalybes and Moffynaeci, the provinces of Pareneta and. 
Herexena, which bordered on Armenia Minor. On tiiis 
occafion, the divifion of the kingdom into Armenia Major 
and Minor firft took place. Artaxias became king of Ar¬ 
menia Major, and Zadriades of Armenia Minor. 
By whom Artaxias was fucceeded is not known ; nei¬ 
ther have we any account of the tranfaftions of his reign, 
farther than that Antiochirs led a powerful army againft 
him and Zadriades, but without being able to recover a 
(ingle province Upon this he concluded a peace, dejign* 
3 
