ARM 
appear to have been ufed before they came to iron and Heel. 
Jofephus alfures us, that the patriarch Jofeph firft taught 
the u('e of iron arms in Egypt, arming the troops of Pha. 
raoh with a ca-fque and buckler. What contributed mod 
to render the Romans matters of the world, was, that, ha¬ 
ving fuccedively warred againft all nations, they conftantly 
renounced their own.methods, arms, &c. whenever they 
met with better. Thus Romulus during his war with the 
Sabines, a bold and warlike nation, adopted their broad 
buckler in lieu of the fmall Argian buckler, which he had 
ufed till that time. 
The principal arms of the ancient Britons were hatchets, 
fcythes, lances, fwords, and bucklers : the Saxons, &c. 
brought in the halberd, bow, arrows, arbalilts, &c. By the 
ancient laws of England, every man was obliged to bear 
arms, except the judges and clergy. Under Henry VIII. 
it was exprefsly enjoined on all perfons to be regularly in- 
Ilrufted, even from their tender years, in the exercife of 
the arms then in ufe ; viz. the long bow and arrows ; and to 
be provided with a certain number of them. 33 Hen. VIII. 
Arms, in the underftanding of the law, are extended to 
any thing that a man wears for his defence, or takes into 
his hands, or ufeth in anger to ftrike or call at another. 
Cromp.JuJI. 65. Arms are alfo what we call inf.gnia, enfigns 
of honour; as to the original of which, it was to diftinguifh 
commanders in war ; for the ancient defenlive armour be¬ 
ing a coat of mail, &c. which covered the perfons, they 
■could not be diftinguiflted, and therefore a certain badge 
was painted on their Ihields, which was called arms-, but 
not made hereditary in families till the time of Richard I. 
on his expedition to regain Jerufalem from the Turks : 
and, betides Ihields with arms, they had a filk coat drawn 
over their armour, and afterwards a ftiff coat, on which 
their arms were painted all over, now the herald’s coat of 
arms. Sid. 352. By flat. 13 Rich. II. ft. 1. c. 2. The con- 
ftable (lord high conftable) (hall have cognizance of con- 
trafts touching deeds of arms done out of the realm; but 
it feems he cannot punilh for painting coats of arms, &c. 
7. Hawk. P. C. c.4. f. 5-8. By the common law it is an 
offence for perfons to go or ride armed with dangerous and 
vnufual weapons : but gentlemen may wear common ar¬ 
mour, according to their quality, ^lnjl. 160. By Ilatute 
7 Edw. I. ft. x. The king may prohibit force of arms, and 
punifli offenders according to law ; and herein every fub- 
jeft is bound to be aiding. And by fiat. 2 Edw. HI. c. 3. 
enforced by ftatutes 7 Rich. II. c. 13. and 20 Rich. II. c. x. 
None fhall come with force and arms before the king’s juf- 
tices, nor ride nor go armed in affray of the peace, on pain 
to forfeit their armour, and fuffer imprifonment, &c. Un¬ 
der thefe ftatutes none may wear (unufual) armour pub¬ 
licly upon pretence of protefting his perfon ; but a man may 
affemble his neighbours to proteft his houfe, without trank 
greffing the aft. 1 Hawk. P.C. 267. But no wearing of 
arms is within the Ilatute, unlefs they are.fuch as terrify, 
therefore the weapons of falhion, as fwords, &c. or privy 
coats of mail, may be worn. Id. ib. And one may arm to 
fupprefs riots or dangerous infurreftions. Id. 268. By the 
Bill of Rights, 1 Will. & Mary, ft. 2. c. 2. it is declared, 
that “ the fubjefts which are Pfoteftants may have arms 
for their defence fuitable to their conditions as allowed by 
law.” 33 Hen. VIII. c. 6. Embezzling the king’s armour 
or arms, felony ; flat. 31 Eliz. c. 4. Arms may be export¬ 
ed, unlefs prohibited by proclamation ; ftat. 12 Car.II. c.4. 
Importing arms or ammunition prohibited ; ijac.il. c.S. 
Fire-Arms, are thofe charged with powder and ball: 
fuch are cannon, mortars, and other ordnance ; mufkets, 
carabines, piftols, and even bombs, granadoes, carcaffes, &c. 
Arms, pafs of was a kind of combat in ufe among the 
ancient cavaliers. 
Arms, Jtand of. A Hand of arms fignifies a rnulket, a 
bayonet, a fword, belt, and cartridge-box. 
Arms of parade, or courtefy, were thofe ufed in the an¬ 
cient jufts and tournaments; which were commonly unfhod 
lances, fwords without edge or point, wooden fwords, and 
even canes. 
VoL. 11. No. 66. 
A R M coi 
Arms denote the natural weapons, or parts of defence, 
of beads: as claws, teeth, tulks of elephants, beaks of 
birds, &c. 
Arms are alfo ufed figuratively for the profeftion of a 
foldier. Thus we fay, He was bred to arms. 
Arms, or Armories, are alio tiled in heraldry for marks 
of dignity and honour, regularly compofed of certain fi¬ 
gures and colours, given or authorifed by fovereigns, and 
borne in banners, Ihields, coats, See. for the diftinction of 
perfons, families, and ftates; and palling by defeent to 
pofterity. They are called arms, in regard they are borne 
principally on the buckler, cuirafs, banners, and other 
apparatus of war. They are alfo called coats of arms, coat 
armour. See. becaufeanciently embroidered on (urcoats, See. 
See Heraldry. Some will have the name to have been 
firft occalioned by the ancient knights, who in their jufts 
and tournaments bore certain marks (which were frequent¬ 
ly their miftrefs’s favours) in their armour, i.e. their hel¬ 
met or fhield, to diftinguifh them from each other. 
Arms, at prefent, follow' the nature of titles, which 
being made hereditary, thefe are alfo become fo, being the. 
feveral marks for diftinguilhing families and kindreds, as 
names are of perfons and individuals. 
Arms are varioufly diftinguilhed by the heralds, as ap¬ 
pertaining to different events, great and noble acquilitions, 
alliances of ftates or families, of communities, focieties, &c. 
for all which fee Heraldry. 
Arms, in falconry, denote the legs of a hawk, from the 
thigh to the foot. See Falconry. 
ARM'SEN, a town of Germany, in the circle of Weft- 
phalia, and county of Verden, feven miles eaft-fouth-eaft 
of Verden. 
ARM'STRONG (Dr. John), an eminent phyfician, 
poet, and mifcellaneous writer, was born in Caftleton pa- 
rilh, Roxburgh (hi re, where his father and brother were 
minifters ; completed his education in the univerfity of 
Edinburgh, where he took his degree in phyfic, Feb. 4, 
1732. It has been obferved of Dr. Armftrong,' that his 
works have great inequalities, fome of them being poffeffed 
of every requifite to be fought after in the molt perfeft 
compofition, while others can hardly be confidered as fu- 
perior to the produftions of mediocrity. “ The Art of 
preferving Health,” his bell performance, which was pub- 
lifhed in 1744, will tranfmit his name toipofterity, as one 
of the firft Englifh writers. In 1770, Dr. Armftrong pub- 
liflted his Milcellanies, in two vols. An Epiftle to a young 
Critic, 1753. Imitations of Shakefpeare and Spenfer. The 
Univerfal Almanac, by Noureddin Ali. And, in 1771, he 
publifhed, A Ihort Ramble through fome Parts of France 
and Italy ; and a quarto pamphlet, under the title of Me¬ 
dical Effays. He died in September, 1779. 
ARMUY'DEN, or Arnemu'den, .a ftrong fea-port 
town of Zealand, fituated on the eaftern fide of the illand 
of Walcheren. It was anciently fo confiderable as to be 
divided into the Old and New town; the conveniences of 
the port, with the depth of water, and its proximity to 
the fea, drawing a great deal of commerce to it. The fea 
has feveral times done confiderable damage, particularly 
in 1438. In 1571, it was furrounded with walls, and had 
the privileges of a city granted ; the trade, chiefly in fait, 
is now not confiderable. Its harbour being choked up, 
the fea is made navigable by means of a canal to Middle- 
burg, from which city Armuyden is diftant one league 
eaft, and two north-north-eaft from Flufhing. Lat. 51.31. 
N. Ion. 3. 42. E. Greenwich. 
A'RMY, f. [armee, Fr. ] A collection of armed men, 
obliged to obey one man. Locke. —Number itfelf importeth 
not much in armies, where the peopfle are of weak courage. 
Bacon. —The meaneft foldier, that has fought often in an 
army, has a truer knowledge of war, than he that has writ 
whole volumes, but never was in any battle. South. A 
great number.—The fool hath planted in his memory an 
army of good words. Shakefpeare. 
Armies were anciently a fort of militia, compofed chiefly 
of the vaffals and tenants of the lords, or ofpeople cho.fen 
3 f b y 
