Zl8 
A R S 
officer to whom Arcadivis had applied for this purpofe, di¬ 
vulged the affair to Arfenius, who retired to the deferts 
©f Scete, where he pafled many years in the exercifes of 
the mod fervent devotion. He died aged ninety-five. 
ARSEN VAL', a town of France, in the department of 
the Aube, and chief place of a canton in the diftrift of 
Bar-fur-Aube, twenty-three miles eaft of Troyes. 
ARSI'NOE, anciently a town of Egypt, on the weft 
fide of the Arabian gulf, near.its extremity, to the fouth 
of Heroopolis, called Cleopatris by fome. Another Ar- 
f noe, a town of Cilicia, and the fifth of that name in Ci¬ 
licia, with a road or ftation for flips. A third Arfinoe, 
in the fouth of Cyprus, with a port between Citium and 
Salamis. Strabo. A fourth, an inland town of Cyprus, 
called Ma.riu.rn formerly. Stephanus. A fifth in the north 
of Cyprus, betw een Arcamas and Soli, fo called from Ar¬ 
il noe, a queen of Egypt, Cyprus being in the hands of the 
Ptolemies. A lixth Arfinoe, a maritime town of Cyrene, 
formerly called Teuchira. ' A fever.th Arfinoe, in tlieNo- 
mos Arfinoites, to the weft of the Heracleotes, on the weft- 
ern bank of the Nile, formerly called Crccodilorum Urbs. 
Ptolemy calls this Arfinoe an inland metropolis, and there¬ 
fore at fome diftance from the Nile, with, a port called 
Ptolemais. An eighth Arfinoe, a maritime town of I.ycia; 
fo called by Ptolemy Phjladelphus, after the name of his 
contort, which did not hold long, it afterw'ards recovering 
its ancient name Patara. A ninth, a town ot the Troglo¬ 
dyte, near the mouth of the Arabian gulf, which towards 
Ethiopia is terminated by a promontory called Dire. Pto¬ 
lemy. This Arfinoe is called Berenice , and'the third of that 
name in this quarter, with the diftinftion Epidires ; be- 
Caufe fituate on a neck of land running out a great way 
into the Tea. 
AR'SIS,/. [of ceign, to lift up.] The raifing of the 
voice in pronunciation. It is very rarely ufcd. 
Arsis and Thesis, in nnific, is a term applied to com- 
pofitions in which one part rifes and the other falls. 
AR.SK, a town of Rulfia, in the government of Kazan, 
forty miles north-north-eaft of Kazan. Lat.56.20. N. 
Ion. 67. 20. E. Ferro. 
ARS'M ART, f. in botany. See Poi.ygonum. 
AR'SON,/! [from ardeo, Lat. to burn.]' Houle-burn¬ 
ing, which is felony at common law. 3 InJi. 66. It mu ft 
be malicioufly, voluntarily, and actual burning; not put¬ 
ting fire only into a houfe, or any part of it, without burn¬ 
ing ; but, if part of the houfe is burnt, or if the fire doth 
burn, and then goeth out of itfelf, it is felony. 2 InJl. 188 ; 
H. P. C. 85. And it mult be the houfe of another, for if 
a man burns his own houfe only, though with an intention- 
to burn others, it was not at common law felony, but a 
great mifdemeanor, punilhable with fine, pillory, &c. But 
a pauper may be guilty of this offence by burning the pub¬ 
lic workhoule. Leach’s Hawk. P. C.\. c. 39, lee. 3. If a 
houfe is fired by negligence or mifchance, it cannot amount 
to arfon. zlnft.6j\ H. P. C. 85. Where one burns the 
houfe of another, if it be not wilful and malicious, it is 
not felony, but only tiefpafs; therefore if A (hoot unlaw¬ 
fully in a gun at the cattle or poultry of B, and by means 
thereof fets another’s houfe on fire, this is not arfon ; for, 
though the aft he was doing was unlawful, yet he had no 
intent to burn the houfe. 1 Hale’s Hijt. P.C. 569. By fiat. 
5 Eliz. c. 13, to burn corn in the four northern counties, 
is felony without clergy. And the flat. 21 & 23 Car. II. 
c. 7, makes it felony to fet barns, ftables, ffacks of corn, 
hay, &c. on fire in the night-time, or any out-houfes, or 
buildings; but the offender may be tranfported for feven 
years. By 9Geo. I. c. 22, (made perpetual by 31 Geo. II. 
c. 42,) fetting fire to any houfe, barn, or o-ut-houfe, or to 
any hovel, cock, mow, or ftack of corn, draw, or wood, or 
to refeue any offender, is made felony without benefit of 
clergy. As to other malicious burnings , by ftatute 37 
Hen. VIII. c.6, fee. 4, to burn any cart loaded with fuel, 
incurs iol. penalty and treble damages. By flat. 4&5 
Will. Sc Mary, c. 23, to burn the covert for red or black 
^aine, one month’s imprifonment; and by flat. 28 Geo.II, 
ART 
c. 19, to burn the covert for deer or game, a penalty be¬ 
tween 40s. and 5I. By flat. 1 Geo. 1 . c.48, to burn any 
wood or coppice is felony. By fiat. 10Geo. II. c. 32, to 
fet fire to a coal-mine, felony without clergy. By flat. 
9 Geo. III. c. 29, to burn any mill, felony without clergy, 
if profecuted within eighteen months. The offence of 
arfon was denied the benefit of clergy, by ffatute 21 
Hen. VIII. c. 1; but that ftatute was repealed by flat, r 
Edw. VI. c. 12 ; and arfon was afterwards held to be on fled 
of clergy, with refpeft to the principal offender, only by 
inference from the (fat. 4 & 5 Phil. & Mary, c. 4 ; v\ hich 
e'xprefsly denied it to the acceffory before the faft; the-’ 
now it is exprefsly denied to the principal in all cafes with¬ 
in the flat. 9 Geo. I. c. 22. 4 Comm. 223. 
AR'SUF, a fea-port town of Paleliine, fix miles north- 
eaft from Joppa. 
AR'SUR IN LE MAIN, burning in the hand, is the 
punifhment of criminals that have the benefit of clergy. 
Terms de I.ey. 
ARSU'RA,/! in ancient cufroms, a term ufed for the 
melting of gold or filver, either to refine them or to exa¬ 
mine their value. Arsura is alfo ufed for the duff and 
ftveepings of filverfmiths, and others, who work in filver 
melted down. 
ART,/, [arte, Fr. ars , Lat. ofa^o;, Gr. utility, profit.] 
The power of doing fomething not taught by nature and 
inltinft ; as, to walk is natural, to dance is an art. A fei- 
ence; as, the liberal arts.—Arts that refpeft .'he mind were 
ever reputed nobler than thofe that ferve the body. Ben 
Jonfon. —A trade.—This obfervation is afforded us by the 
art of making fugar. Boyle. —Artfulnefs; fkill; dexteri¬ 
ty; [peculation; cunning.—More matter with lefs art. 
Shakefpeare. 
Art, among philofophers, is defined to be a habit of 
the mind, preferibing rules for the due produftion of cer¬ 
tain effects; or the introducing the changes of bodies from 
fome fore-knowledge and defign in a perfon endued with 
a principle or faculty of afting. According to lord Ba¬ 
con, it is a proper difpofition of the things of nature by 
human thought and experience, fo as to make them an- 
fwer the defigns and ufes of mankind. Nature, accord¬ 
ing to lord Bacon, is fometimes free, and at her own dif- 
pofal; and then file manifefts herfelf in a regular order; 
as we fee in the heavens, plants, animals, &c. Sometimes 
flie is irregular and diforderly, either through fome un¬ 
common accident, or depravation in matter, when the re¬ 
finance of fome impediment perverts her from her courfe; 
as in the produftion of monfters. At other times fhe is 
fubdued and fafhioned by human induftry, and made to 
ferve the feveral purpofes of mankind. This laft is what 
we call art ; in which fenfe, art ftands oppofed to nature. 
Hence the knowledge of nature may be divided into the 
hiftory of generation, of preter-generation, and of arts. The 
firft confiders nature at liberty', the fecond, her errors ; 
and the third, her rejiraints. 
Art is alfo ufed for knowledge reduced into prattice. 
Several of the fchoolmen hold logic and ethics to be arts; 
in as much as they do not terminate in mere theory, but 
tend to praElice. In this fenfe, fome branches of the ma¬ 
thematics alfo are arts; others, matters of doElnne, orfei- 
ence. Statics is wholly fcientifical, as it comprehends the 
mere contemplation of motion : mechanics, on the contrary, 
is an art, as it reduces the deftrine of ffatics into praftke. 
But art is more commonly ufed to denote a certain fyftem 
or colleftion of rules, precepts, and inventions or experi¬ 
ments, which, being duly obferved, make the things a man 
undertakes fucceed, and render them advantageous and 
agreeable. In this fenfe, art is oppofed to Jcicnce, which is 
a colleftion of fpeculative principles and conclufions. 
With refpeft to their fcope and objeft, they may be divi¬ 
ded into human, as medicine ; and divine, as theology. Hu¬ 
man arts again may be fubdivided into civil, as law, politics, 
&c. military, as fortijication, See. phyjical, as agricultur/, che- 
mijlry, anatomy, See. metaphyfical, as logic, pur tmathenlatics. 
See. philological, as grammar , criticifm, See. mercantile, to 
which 
