■220 
ART 
and cynical as that philofopher? Every man that comes 
acrofs him will intercept his comfort. Of a fcanty and 
confined flock every particle intercepted is a grievous lofs. 
He grudges it; he cannot bear it. Malevolence fucceeds 
to difappointment, or even to the fear of it: and, fhould 
the fpirit of envy or avarice be uppermoff, violence will 
prefently become engrafted on ill will, which fo often dif- 
turbs the mod tranquil of profeftiortal walks. 
Thus it is that the world of art, for want of being tem¬ 
pered by thofe difpofitions which are at all times necelfary 
toextraCl the fling from rivalfhip, and to render emulation 
fair and honourable and pleafant, or for want of that pa¬ 
tronage which might open a wider field to the efforts of 
the profeflor, has too often become a world of flrife ; and, 
in countries where that flrife might be indulged to a great¬ 
er extent by the connivance of the civil power, it has 
fometimes become a field of blood. If we would gather 
from examples the origin of that evil fpirit, it may be 
traced to that earlier period when poor Domenico fell by 
the poniard of the ungrateful Andrea del Caftagno. The 
ties of friendfhip and hofpitality, the obligation of being 
Unified with an important difeovery in art, were not fuf- 
ficient to prevail over the jealoufy or avarice, which could 
not bear another to fnare in the valuable fecret, although 
that other was the man by whom that fecret had been ge- 
neroufly imparted. Was not that ungrateful artiff rightly 
flyled Andrea de g/’ impiccati? Was he not fitly referved 
to paint the conlpirators of Florence, fo much in his own 
fpirit; although it were pity that his natural death de- 
f rived that juflice-hall of exhibiting tlie monfter in ano- 
her fituation than when he painted its walls ? 
The horror of that example did not hinder others, 
•equally defperate, from following it in other periods. Pe- 
ruzzi was poifoned by his competitors. Lucas of Leyden 
met the fame fate, from an artifl of Flufhing w ho was jea¬ 
lous of his merit, and at an entertainment to which he had 
been invited by his deflroyer. Baroccio, precifely in the 
fame circumflance at Rome, received from his malicious 
competitors the dofe, which only lingered to aggravate 
and prolong the pains of death. Salviati could not bear 
the reputation of RofFo in France ; he became licentious 
and bitter in his cenfures, and then only efcaped the de- 
ftruction, which he had nearly brought upon himfelf, by 
quitting that country. The weight of envy, rancour, and 
perfeention, by the Neapolitan artifls, lay fo heavy on 
Domenichino, that he funk under them as much as if he 
had fallen by the fword. Yet were thefe events of a pri¬ 
vate nature, compared with the fury of Caravaggio and 
Arpino. All was uproar and danger : each of them alike 
cncreafed the general tumult: each of them was a dorm 
in the world of art, which never buffered it to be com- 
pofed. Arpino, conceiving his profedional fuccefs to be 
lbmewhat annoyed by Annibal Carachi at Rome, offered 
him a fword, as he met him one day in the fixeet, and bade 
him to defend himfelf with it. It is due to the good fenfe 
of Annibal to give his anfwer: taking a pencil out of his 
pocket, he faid, “ it is with thefe arms that I fight, and 
with thefe 1 bid you defiance.” Caravaggio was not quite 
fo temperate as Arpino had been in that infiance. He 
aftually killed a young man, Tomafino, for having faved 
Arpino from his fword. Having fled for refuge, and 
been pardoned, his revenge only became more vehement 
for having been difapp©inted. He challenged Arpino, and 
even went to Malta, to complete himfelf as a knight, that 
liis antagonilt might no longer objeft as a cavalier to meet 
him. But the fine arts can never thrive very much or 
very long, where fuch a fpirit prevails. With unanimity 
and an harmonious contribution of abilities for carrying 
die arts to perfection, great advantages may be gained even 
where patronage is rare. That patronage will become in- 
fenfibly extended. Thofe who have no tafie will gather it 
from profedional men. They will gather the zeal of thofe, 
who can beft difplay the attractions of art, and vvhofe zeal 
goes hand in hand witli the amiablenefs of temper. They 
will come to admire what excites general admiration j and, 
ART 
having fancied in themfelves fomething that is fed agree¬ 
ably by the tafie around them, they will be difpofe°d to 
nourifii the growth of that tafie in themfelves, and to died 
favour and patronage-upon it in others. It was by fuch 
harmonious efforts of profedional men, that the fine arts 
every where gained their firft footing. It was fuch a cor¬ 
dial communication and mutual candour, which produced 
fome of the firft fiandards of art in antiquity. From thence 
came forth the Laocoon, the united work of the three 
Rhodians, equally zealous for the perfection of their art, 
and who have fiiewn us in that great example how much 
may be reached, w henever the efforts of human genius are 
fairly concentrated, and earneftly direCled to their objeCt, 
and when all meaner pailions are abforbed in a common 
zeal to excel. 
Art is reprefented in painting or fculpture by a comely 
man, clad in a rich embroidered veftment, leaning with 
his right arm on a fhip’s rudder, and with his left hand 
pointing to a bee-hive. Or, by fome, as an agreeable 
woman with a pleafing afpeCI, clothed in green, having in 
one hand a hammer, graving inftrument, and pencil; and 
with the other arm leaning upon a pale duck in the ground 
for the fupport of a young plant. The agreeablenefs of 
her countenance declares the charms of art attracting all 
eyes to it, and caufing the author to be approved and com¬ 
mended ; the inftruments are for imitating nature ; the fiaka 
fupplies nature’s defeats in holding up the tender plant. 
AR'TA, by fome called Larta , a town of Lower Alba¬ 
nia, in Turkey in Europe, with a Greek archbifhop’s fee. 
It contains about Sooo inhabitants, Greeks and Turks, 
but the former are the mod numerous. The cathedral is 
fupported by above 2000 marble pillars ; and was built 
by Michael Ducas Commeno, emperor of Conftantinople. 
It carries on a confiderable trade in tobacco and furs. 
Lat. 39.30. N. Ion. 38.55. E. Ferro. 
Arta, a town of Swifferland, in the canton of Schwitz, 
on the fouth borders of the lake of Zug. 
Arta, a river of European Turkey, which runs into 
the gulf of Arta, near the town fo called. 
AR'TABA, f. An ancient meafure of capacity, ufed 
by the Perfians, Medes, and Egyptians. The Perfian ar- 
taba is reprefented by Herodotus as larger than the Attic 
medimnus by three Attic chcenixes: from which it ap¬ 
pears, that it was equal to Roman modii; consequent¬ 
ly, that it contained 166^ pounds of wine or water, or 
126f pounds of w heat. The Egyptian artaba contained 
five Roman modii, and fell fhort of the Attic medimnus 
by one modius ; confequently held 133-L pounds of water 
or wine, 100 pounds of wheat, or 60 of flour. 
ARTABA'NUS, the name of feveral kings of Parthia. 
See Parthia. 
ARTAB A'ZUS, the fon of Pharnaces, commanded the 
Parthians and Chorafmians in the famous expedition of 
Xerxes. After the battle of Salamis, he efcorted the king 
his mailer to the Hellefpont with 60,000 chofen men ; 
and, after the battle of Plataea, in which Mardonius en¬ 
gaged contrary to his advice, he made a noble retreat, and 
returned to Afia with 40,000 men under his command. 
AR'TAKI, a town of Aiiatic Turkey, in the province 
of Natolia, on the fouth coaft of the fea of Marmora, forty 
miles eaft of Gallipoli, and feventy-fix fouth-weft: of Con¬ 
ftantinople. Lat.40. 18.N. Ion.45.25.E. Ferro. 
ARTAKU'I, a town of European Turkey, in the pro¬ 
vince of Romania, forty-eight miles N.W. of Gallipoli. 
ARTAMO'VA, a town of Siberia, 120 miles fouth- 
fouth-eafi: of Tobolik. 
ARTAN', a town of Aiiatic Turkey, in the province of 
Natolia, twenty-four miles fouth of Akferai. 
ARTA'NA, or Orta'na, a town of Spain, in Navarre, 
five leagues from Pampeluna. 
ARTA'NICA,yi in botany. See Cyclamen. 
ARTAVTVA, a town of Afia, in Mingrelia, no miles 
north-eaft of Trebifond. 
ARTAXA'TA, once the royal refidence and metro¬ 
polis of Armenia Major. Pliny. It was built according 
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