A R~ T 
to a plan of Hannibal, for king Artaxias, after whom it 
was called. It was fituated on the Araxes, which formed 
a kind of peninfula, and furrounded the town like a wall, 
except on the fide of the ifthnuts, which was fecured by 
a rampart and ditch. This town was deemed fo ftrong, 
that Lucnllus, after having defeated TigTanes, dnrft not 
lay fiege to it; but Pompcy compelled him to deliver it 
tip without ftriking a blow. It was then levelled with the 
ground. Here are the remains of a (lately palace, faid to 
be that of Tiridates, who reigned in the time of Conftan- 
tine the Great. One front of this building is (till confide- 
rable ; and there are many other fine antiquities which the 
inhabitants call TaEl . Tradat, that is, the throne of Tiri¬ 
dates. Tavernier mentions the ruins of Artaxata, between 
Erivan and mount Ararat, but does not fpecity them. 
The ancient geographers mention another city of the fame 
name, like wife fituated on the Araxes, but in the north¬ 
ern part of Media, known among the ancients by the name 
of Atropatia. 
ARTAXER'XES, the name of feveral kings of Perfia. 
See Persia. 
ARTE'DIA, f. [from Peter Artedi, (Indent of medi¬ 
cine, in Sweden.] In botany, a genus of the pentandria 
digynia clafs, ranking in the natural order of umbellatae 
or umbelliferae. The generic characters are—Calyx : um¬ 
bel univerfal fpreading, flat, manifold ; partial fmall, fi- 
milar; involucre univerfal about ten-leaved; leaflets o- 
vate-oblong, three-briflled at the end, nearly the length 
of the umbel; partial two or three leaved, verging out¬ 
wards; leaflets linear, pinnate, longer than the umbellule. 
Corolla: univerfal difform, radiate; flofcules of the dilk 
aborti-ve ; proper of the di(k male ; petals five, cordate- 
inflex, e refit; of the ray hermaphrodite, with fimilar pe¬ 
tals, but the outermoft larger. Stamina : filaments five, 
capillary in all the flowers; anthene Ample, roundifii. 
Piftillum : of the ray, germ fmall, inferior ; (byles reflex; 
ftigmas Ample. Pericarpium: none; fruit roundifh, cont- 
prelfed, leafy-fcaled on the edge, bipartite. Seeds: two, 
oblong, fet about tfie edge with roundifh, fpreading, feales. 
— EJJential Character. Involucre pinnatifid ; flofcules of the 
difk male ; fruit rough with feales. 
There is but one fpecies, called artedia fquamata. It 
is a native of the eaft. Rauwolff found it on mount Liba- 
nus; and Tournefort afterwards in Natolia. It is an an¬ 
nual plant, whofe (talks rife about two feet high, fending 
out a few fide branches, with linear multifid leaves, re- 
Tembling thofe of dill ; the extremity of the (talk is ter¬ 
minated by a large umbel of white flowers. It flowers in 
July, and was introduced in 17B8, by M. Thouin. This 
plant decays as (bon as the feeds are perfected, and many 
times in England before they are ripe; for, unlefs they are 
fown in autumn, and the plants come up before winter, 
they rarely produce good feeds here. They fliould be (own 
on a warm border, where the plants are to remain, for they 
will not bear transplanting. All the care they require, is 
to keep them clean from weeds, and to thin the plants to 
fix or eight inches difiance. But, to feenre their feeding 
here, they fliould be raifed in a hot-bed, and kept in the 
greenhoufe. 
Artedia Muricata. See Daucus. 
ARTEMIDO'RUS, famous for hisTreatifeon Dreams, 
was born at Ephefus; but took upon him the furname of 
Datdianus in this book, by way of refpefit to his mother’s 
country Dalris. He fiyled himfelf the Epkefia in his other 
performances. He not only bought up all that had been 
written concerning the explication of dreams, but li& like- 
wife fpent many years in travelling, in order to contract 
an acquaintance with fortune-tellers: he carried on an ex- 
tenfive correfpondence with the people of this clafs, in the 
cities and aflemblies of Greece, Italy, and the moll popu¬ 
lous iflands ; collecting at the fame time all.the old dreams, 
and the events which are faid to have followed them. The 
work which he wrote on dreams confided of five books: it 
was firft printed in Greek at Venice in 1518 ; and at Paris, 
iu Greek and Latin, in 1C03. Avtemidonts wrote alio a 
Vol. II, No. 67. 
a r. r 22i 
treatife upon Auguries, and another upon Chiromancy ; 
but they are not extant. He lived under the emperor 
Antoninus Pius. 
AR'TEMIS, the Greek name of Diana, whofe feftivah, 
called Arternifia, were celebrated particularly at Delphi. ' 
ARTEMI'SIA, wife of Maufolus king of Caria, im¬ 
mortalized herfelf by the honours (he paid to the memory 
of her hufband. She built for him in Halloarnaffiis a very 
magnificent tomb, called the Maufoleum , which was one of 
the (even wonders of the world, and from which the title 
of Maufoleum was afterwards given to all tombs remarka¬ 
ble for their grandeur; but (lie died of regret and forrow 
before the Maufoleum was finifhed. She appointed pane¬ 
gyrics to be made in honour of him, and propofed a prize 
of great value for the perfon who fliould cornpofe the 
befi. He died about the end of the 106th Olympiad, 351 
years before the Chriftian era. 
Artemisia, queen of Caria, and the daughter of Lig- 
damis, marched in perfon in the expedition o'f Xerxes 
againft the Greeks, and performed wonders in the fea-fight 
near Salamis, 480 years before the Chriftian era. Bemg 
purfued by an Athenian veffel, (he attacked one of the 
Perlian (hips, commanded by Demahthymus, king of Ca- 
lyndus, and funk it: on which the Athenians, thinking 
that her fliip was on the fide of the Greeks, ceafed their 
purfuit: but Xerxes was the principal perfon impofed 
upon in this affair; for, believing (he had funk an Atbe-’ 
nian veflel, he declared, that “ the men had behaved like 
women, and the women like men.” Xerxes intruded her 
with the care of the young princes of Perfia, his fons, 
when, agreeably to her advice, he abandoned Greece, in 
order to return to Afia. Thefe great qualities did not fe- 
cure her from the vveaknefs of love: fhe was pafiionately 
fond of a man of Abydos, whofe name was Dardanus, and 
was fo enraged at bis neglect of her, that fhe put out his 
eyes while he was alleep. The gods, in order to punifli 
.her for this, infpired her with a (till ftronger paftion for 
him ; fo that, the oracle having advifed her to go to Leu- 
Gas, which was the ufage of delperate lovers, (he took the 
leap from thence, and was interred at that place. Many 
writers confound this Arternifia with the former, the wife 
of Maulolus. 
Artemisia, f. [the Latin name is abfinthium , from 
Gr. unpleafant.] In botany, a genus of the fyn- 
genefia polygamia aequalis clafs, of the natitral order of 
compofitie nucamentaceae. The generic characters are_ 
Calyx: common roundifii, imbricate; feales rounded, con¬ 
verging. Corolla: compound ; corolhiles hermaphrodite, 
tubular, feveral, in the difk; females almoft naked, in the 
circumference; properofthe hermaphrodite fnnnel-ftiaped; 
border five-cleft. Stamina : in the hermaphrodites; fila¬ 
ments capillary, very fhort; antherae cylindric, tubular, 
five-toothed. Piftillum : in the hermaphrodites ; germ 
fmall;. ftyle filiform, the length of the ftamens ; fttgnia 
bifid, revolute ; females, germ very fmall; ftyle filiform, 
longer than in the hermaphrodites; ftigma fimilar. Peri¬ 
carpium : none ; calyx fcarcely changed. Seeds: folitaiy, 
naked. Receptaculum : flat, naked, or villofe.— EJ'niial 
CharaBer. Receptaculum fubvillofe, or almoft naked ; 
down none; calyx imbricate with rounded, converging, 
feales ; corolla of the ray none. 
Species. I. Shrubby, erefit. 1. Arternifia vermiculafa: 
leaves acerofe, crowded, very fmall ; panicle racemed, 
flowers feflile. This is a ft iff, upright ftirub, inclining to 
afh-colour. It is a native of the Cape of Good Hope. 
2. Arternifia capiilaris : leaves limpl-e, capillaceous. 
Stem reddifli, finooth, branching, a foot or more in height. 
Leaves frequent, fmooth, half an inch long. Native of 
Japan, where it flowers in October. 
3. Arternifia Judaica : leaves obovatc, obtufe, lobed, 
fmall ; flowers panicled, pedicled. Stem a foot and half 
high. Native of Carauiunia, the Mogul country, China 
Judea, Arabia, &c. Rauwolff found it about Bethlehem 
and Shaw in Arabia, and the deferts of Numidia, plena, 
fully. It has a bitter talie. Both leaves and feeds are 
3 1 * uie 4 
