224 ART 
been given to no purpofe. Thunberg informs us that the 
vioxa is prepared in Japan from this fpecies. The leaves 
are colletled in June, dried in the (hade, and beat in a 
mortar till they become like tow ; this ftibftance is then 
rubbed between the hands, till the harder fibres and mem¬ 
branes are feparated, and there remains nothing but a very 
fine cotton. The Japanefe life it for tinder; and twice in 
a year men and women, young and old, rich and poor, are 
indifcrimiriately burnt with it, either to prevent difo.rders, 
or to cure the rheumatifm, &c. No quadruped feems to 
feed on this plant. Mugwort is called in French armoife ; 
in Italian artcmifia or cria di S. Giovanni-, in Spanilh and 
Portuguefe artcmifia or hierba dc San Juan-, in German bcy- 
fuji, Johannis gurtcl-, in Dutch byvoet, S. Jans gordel-, in 
Swedilh grabc, rodbo-, in Danifh bynke ; in Ruffian tfchemo- 
bilnik. It is remarkable that our Englifh name is totally 
unlike the otlier European names, and the derivation is 
no where given, as Far as we know. 
36. Artemjfia pecdinata : leaves pinnate, pectinate, 
fmooth, feilile; flowers axillary, folitary, lefiile, having 
four florets. This is an elegant and mod fragrant plant, 
with an annual root, and an upright herbaceous fiem, 
about eight inches high. Found by Pallas, in the dry 
lands of Dauria. 
IV. Leaves fimple. 37. Artemifia integrifolia, or en¬ 
tire-leaved mugwort : leaves lanceolate, tomentofe under¬ 
neath, quite entire, or with one or two teeth ; female flo¬ 
rets five. This rifes with (ingle fialks about two feet high, 
with plain narrow leaves, cut into acute fegments on their 
edges; flower* axillary, in final 1 loofe (pikes, and near the 
top they are often Angle ; they are larger than thofeof the 
common fort, and are of a pale yellow colour. It has ab- 
folutely the air of mugwort, but the leaves are lanceolate, 
and quite entire about the edge. Native of Siberia. 
38. Artemifia Japonica, or Japanefe mugwort : leaves 
fmooth ; tho(c on the branches lanceolate and entire, on 
the (tern oblong and trifid; flowers racemed nodding. This 
is an underflmib, with an ere'gfc, angular, (Leaked, wand¬ 
like, fmooth ftem, branching towards the top, two feet 
high and more. Native of Japan. 
39. Artemifia cterulefcens, or lavender-leaved worm¬ 
wood : fiem-leaves lanceolate, entire; root-leaves multi¬ 
fid; female florets three. This has woody (ferns, eighteen 
inches and more in height, whitifh, and full of leaves, 
which are fometimes entire, and as large as thofe of the 
olive, fometimes cut into two, three, or four, parts; they 
have the fmell of mugwort, and a tafte not unpleafant. 
Native of the fouthern parts of Europe, on the fea coa(f. 
It was found on the coaff of Lincolnfhire, near Bofton, by 
Mr. Tofield ; and was cultivated by Mr. John Tradefcant, 
jun. in 1656. It flowers from Augufl to October. 
40. Artemifia dracunculus, or tarragon : leaves lanceo¬ 
late, fmooth, quite entire. Root perennial. Stem ft iff, 
fmooth, branching, from a foot to two feet in height. Na¬ 
tive of Siberia and Tartary. Cultivated in 1596, by Ge¬ 
rard. It flowers in Auguft. Tarragon is frequently ufed 
in fallads, efpecially by the French, to correct the cold- 
nefs of other herbs. The leaves make an excellent pickle ; 
they have a fragrant fmell, and aromatic tafte. The ufe 
of them in Perfia has ever been general, at their meals, to 
raife an appetite. It is named in French ejlragon, armoife 
acre , hcrbe au dragon ; in Italian dragonccllo ; in Spanifh ejlra- 
gon, dragoncillo , taragona-, in Portuguefe ejlragao-, in Ger¬ 
man and all the northern languages dragon. 
41. Artemifia Chinenfis, or Chinefe mugwort: leaves 
fimple, tomentofe, obtufe, lanceolate ; the lower ones 
we,dge-(haped, three-lobed. Native of China and Siberia. 
This is the fpecies from which the inoxa is prepared in 
China, from the leaves dried and beaten. In Cochinchina 
and Japan, the common mugwort is ufed for this purpofe, 
and is more efficacious than the Chinefe fart. Moxa is 
celebrated in the eaft, for preventing and curing many dif- 
orders, by being burnt on the (kin ; it produces a dark- 
coloured fpot, the exulceration of which is promoted by 
spplying a little garlic, and the ulcer is either healed up 
ART 
when the efchar feparates, or kept running, as circum- 
ftances require. A fungous fubftance, found in the fiffures. 
of old birch trees, is ufed by the Laplanders for the fame 
purpofe ; and cotton impregnated witli a folution of nitre, 
and then dried, will anfwer the end as well as the moxa. 
All thefe applications are only means of producing an ex¬ 
ulceration of the fkin, and its confequence a drain of hu¬ 
mours. The Chinefe call it the phyjidan's herb, and employ 
it in haemorrhages, dyfenteries, pleiirifies, and difordersof 
the ftomach ; girdles of the down are recommended in the 
fciatica ; and thofe who are afflitfted with the rheumatifm 
in their legs quilt their (lockings with it. 
42. Artemifia Maderafpatana, or Madras wormwood : 
leaves fimple, lyrate-finuate ; Items procumbent; flowers 
pedunculate, folitary, globofe, oppofite to the leaves. This 
is an annual plant, growing clofe to the ground. Native 
of the Eaft Indies. Introduced in 1780, by M. Thouin. 
It flowers in July and Auguft. 
43. Artemifia minima, or lead worfnwood: leaves wedge- 
fhaped, repand, Item procumbent, flowers axillary, feilile. 
This is a very minute annual plant. Native of China, 
where it was found by Lagerftrom. Thunberg remarked 
it alfo in Japan. It was introduced here in 1788, by M. 
Thouin ; and flowers in July. 
44. Artemifia littoralis : procumbent, ftrigofe; leaves 
fpatulate ferrate-toothed, calyxes naked, pedtcelled. Ga¬ 
thered by Koenig, in the Eaft Indies, on the coaft. 
Propagation and Culture. Mod of the plants in this nu¬ 
merous genus are perennials, and may be increafed without 
great difficulty, by feeds, parting the roots, (lips, or cut¬ 
tings. Many of them, having no great beauty, are feldom 
leen in gardens. Common fouthernwood is propagated by 
flips and cuttings, planted in a fliady border, the beginning 
of April, obferving to water them duly in dry weather : 
here they may remain till the autumn, when they diould 
be tranfplanted, either into pots or thofe parts of the gar¬ 
den where they are to remain. Wormfeed may be increafed 
in the fame manner, but fhould be planted in a dry foil, 
and fheltered lituation, vvlieie it will endure the cold of 
our ordinary winters; but it will be proper to have a plant 
or two in pots, which may be fheltered occafionally under 
a common hot-bed frame. Roman wormwood may be 
readily propagated by its creeping roots, which may be 
parted in autumn, and planted two or three feet afunder: 
the bed time for this is the middle of October. It will 
grow in any foil which is not too wet. Common worm¬ 
wood is ealilv propagated by parting the roots, by (lips, 
or by feeds, (own in the autumn foon after they are ripe; 
or, if they be permitted to fcatter, the plants will come up 
without farther care. Mugwort, being fo common a plant 
wild, is rarely admitted into gardens, except the variega¬ 
ted fort: this may be railed by (lips, cuttings, or parting 
the roots. Tarragon is a very hardy plant, which propa¬ 
gates greatly by its creeping roots, or may be multiplied 
faft by planting the young (hoots the beginning of May, 
in the lame manner as is praftifed for mint; and, if they 
are duly fitpplied with water in dry weather, they will 
loon fpread and meet. 
ARTEMI'SIUM, a promontory on the north-eaft of 
Euboea, called Leon and Cale AEle by Ptolemy, memora¬ 
ble for the firft fea-engagements between the Greeks and 
Xerxes. The Grecian fleet was ftationed in the harbour; 
while that of the Perlians, too numerous for any harbour 
to contain, fiad anchored in the road between the city of 
Caftanpea, and the promontory of Sepias. The firlt line 
of their fleet was fheltered by the eoaft of Theffaly ; but 
the other lines, to the number of feven, rode at anchor, at 
frnall intervals, with the prows of the velfels turned to the 
fea. When they adopted this arrangement, the waters 
Were fmooth, and the weather calm and ferene: but on 
the morning of the fecond' day, the fky began to lour ; 
and a dreadful (form fucceeded ; which for three days ra¬ 
ged with unabating fury. Four hundred galleys were de- 
(troyed by its violence, befides a vaft number of ftorefhips. 
The Perfians, however, having recovered from the terrors 
