ART 
of the dorm, prepared for battle ; and, as they entertained 
not the fmalleft doubt of conquering', they detached 200 
of their bed failing veflels round the illeof Euboea, to in¬ 
tercept the expected flight of the enemy through the nar¬ 
row Euripus. About fun-fet the Grecian fleet approached 
in a line; and the Perlians met them with the confidence 
of victory, as their (hips were dill fufficiently numerous to 
ftirround thofe of their opponents. At the fird fignal the 
Greeks formed into a circle, and began the fight. Though 
crowded into a narrow compafs, and having the enemy on 
every fide, they loon took thirty of their (hips, and funk 
many more. Night came on, accompanied with an impe¬ 
tuous florm of rain and thunder; the Greeks retired into 
the harbour of Artemifium ; but the enemy were driven 
to the coad of Theifaly. By good fortune, the greated 
part of the Perfian fleet that was engaged gained the Pe- 
gafean bay; but the (hips ordered to fail round Euboea 
met with a difierent fate. They were overtaken by the 
ftorm, after they had ventured further from fliore than 
was ufual with the wary mariners of antiquity. Clouds 
intercepted the flars, by which alone they directed their 
courfe ; and, after continuing during the greated part of 
the.night the fport of the elements, they all perifhed mi- 
lerably amidd the ffioals and rocks of an unknown coad. 
The morning arofe with different profpeCts to the Per- 
fians and Greeks. To the former it difeovered the extent 
of their misfortunes; to the latter it brought a reinforce¬ 
ment of fifty-three Athenian (hips. Encouraged by this 
favourable circumfiance, they determined again to attack 
the enemy, at the fame hour as on the preceding day, be- 
caufe their knowledge of the coad, and their (kill in fight¬ 
ing their (hips, rendered the du(k peculiarly propitious to 
their defigns. At the appointed time, they failed towards 
the road of Aphete ; and, having cut off the Cilician 
fquadron from the red, totally deflroyed it, and returned 
at night to Artemifium. The Perfian commanders, being 
deeply affeCted by their repeated difaders, determined to 
make one vigorous effort for redoring the glory of their 
arms. By art and dratagem, and under favour of the 
night, the Greeks had gained many important advantages. 
It now belonged to the Perlians to choofe the time for ac¬ 
tion. On the third day at noon, they fallied forth, in the 
form of a crefcent, which was dill fufficiently extenfive to 
infold the Grecian line. The Greeks, animated by for¬ 
mer fuccefs, were averfe to decline any offer of battle ; 
yet it is probable that their admirals, and particularly 
Themidocles, would much rather have delayed it to a 
more favourable opportunity. Rage, refentment, and in¬ 
dignation, fupplied the defeCt of the Perfians in (kill and 
courage. The battle was longer and more doubtful than 
on any former occafion; many Grecian veflels were deflroy¬ 
ed, five were taken by the Egyptians, who fignalized them- 
felves on the fide of the Perfians, as the Athenians did on 
that of the Greeks. The perfevering valour of the latter 
at length prevailed, the enemy retiring, and acknowledg¬ 
ing their fuperiority, by leaving them in poffeffion of the 
dead, and of the wrecks. But the victory cod them dear; 
fince their veffels were reduced to a very ffiattered condi¬ 
tion ; and their great inferiority in the number and fize of 
their (hips, made them feel more fenfibly every diminution 
of drength. 
Artemisium, a town of Oenotria, now S. Agatha, in 
the Hither Calabria, on the river Pifaurus, or la Fogiia, 
diflant eight miles from the Tufcan Sea. Another of the 
Conteflani, in Spain, othervvife called Dianium ; now Dtnia , 
on the fea-coad of Valencia. 
ARTENAY', a town of France, in the department of 
the Loiret, and chief place of a canton in the diftriCt of 
Neuviile, eleven miles north of Orleans. 
ARTERI'ACA, f. [from agrueia, an artery.] Medi¬ 
cines againfl diforders of the afpera arteria. 
ARTE'RIAI., adj. [from artery. ] That which relates 
to the artery; that which is contained in the artery. 
ARTERIO'TOMY, f. [from an artery, and 
viy-vu, to cut.] It ii the opening of an artery for the dil- 
VoL. II. No. 68. 
ART 22 j 
charge of blood. Galen, Antylius, Oribafms, P. yTgineta, 
and leveral others, highly extol this practice in inveterate 
head-achs, which refid all other means ; alfo as a remedy 
againfl violent inflammations of the eyes, the epilepfy, &c. 
1 he operation is generally confined to the head, becaufe 
of the bone being immediately under, and giving the ad¬ 
vantage of a proper comprefs. When the temporal artery 
is opened, a finall knife, fitch as is ufed for the fifiula Ia- 
chrymalis, is better than a lancet, and the hicifion mud be 
fo as to divide the artery tranfverfely, then the inconve¬ 
nience of an aneurifm is avoided. Heifler condemns arte- 
riotomy, efpecially before every other method hath been 
tried. 
ARTE'RN, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper 
Saxony, and county of Mansfeld, ten miles louth-wed of 
Eifzleben, and twenty-nine north-north-eafl of Erfurt. 
Lat. 51.17.N. Ion. 28.54. E. Ferro. 
AR'TERY, J'. [arteria, Lat. from air, and 
Gr. to keep ; fo called, becaufe the ancients fiippoled that 
only air was contained in them.] A conical tube or canal 
which conveys the blood from the heart to all parts of the 
body. See Anatomy, vol.i. page624. 
ART'FUL, adj. [from art and full.] Performed with 
act.—The lad of thefe was certainly the molt eafy, but, 
for the fame reafon, the lead artful. Dry den. Artificial ’ 
not natural. Cunning; (kilful ; dexterous: 
O dill the fame, Ulyffes, (lie rejoin’d, 
In ufeful craft fuccefsfully refin’d, 
Artful in fpeech, in aCtion, and in mind. Pope. 
ART'FULLY, adv. With art; (kilfully ; dexteroufly. 
•—Vice is the natural growth of our corruption. How ir- 
refidibly mud it prevail, when the feeds of it are artfully 
fown, and indudrioudy cultivated ! Rogers. 
ART'FULNESS, f. Skill; cunning. 
AR'THA, a river of South Wales, which runs into the 
fea, ten miles fouth of Aberidwyth, in Cardiganfliire. 
AR'THEL, f. A Britiffi word, more truly written 
arddelw , or according to the South Weld), ard/iel, fionifv- 
ing to avouch ; as if a man were taken with Aolen °oods 
in his hand, he was to be allowed a lawful arthel (or 
vouchee) to clear him of the felony: it was part of the 
law ot Howel Dha; according to whofe laws every tenant 
holding of any other than of the prince or of the lord of 
the fee, paid a fine pro dfcnfione regia , which was called 
arian ardkel. The privilege of arthel occafioning a delay 
and exemption of (criminals from juflice, provifion was 
made againfl it by flat. 28 Hen. VIII. c. 6. Blount. 
AR'THES, a town of France, in the department of the 
Lower Pyrenees, and chief place of a canton, in the diflrict 
of Orthes, five leagues north-wed of Pau. 
ARTHO'ICUM,/. [a^Soixov, from bread.] An 
oil made by digeding roots with bread. 
ARTHREM'BOLUS, j. [from a joint, and 
£/d?aAA<y, to impel.] An inftrument for reducing luxated 
bones. 
ARTHRI'TIC, or Arthri'tical, adj. [from arthri . 
tis.1 Gouty ; relating to the gout—Frequent changes pro¬ 
duce all the arthritic difeales. Arbuthnot. Relating to 
joints.—Serpents, worms, and leeches, though lome want 
bones, and all extended articulations, yet have they arthri, 
tical analogies ; and, by the motion of fibrous and lnuicu- 
lous parts, are able to make progreffion. Brown. 
ARTHRl'TIS, J. [from a joint. ] Any diflem. 
per that affeCts the joints, but the gout particularly. Quincy. 
ARTHROCA'CE, f. [from a joint.] An ulcer 
of the cavity of the bone.-. 
ARTHRODIA,./ [from to articulate.] I14 
anatomy, a fpecies of dearticulation, when a convex head 
is received into a cavity, and admits motion on all (ides. 
Arthrodia, /. in natural hiflory, a genus of im¬ 
perfect cryflals, found alw^’s in complex maffes, and 
forming long (ingle pyramids, with very fliort and (lender 
columns, 
3 M 
ARTHRQDY'NL-L, 
