ART 
once, by the death of the renowned Arthur in battle, in 
the year 542. 
To thefe obfervations we may add the following' account 
of the ditcovery of Arthur’s tomb, which appears well 
authenticated. Henry II. who was the fir ft of the Plan- 
tagenet line, being at Pembroke, and hearing a Welch 
bard tinging to his harp the flory of Arthur, concluding 
with an account of his death and burial in the church-yard 
of Glaftonbury, between two pyramids; the king inftantly 
gave orders that the matter fttould be inquired into, and 
the body dug up. This w’as done as the king directed ; 
and, at the depth of feven feet was found a vatt done, 
whereon was fixed a leaden crofs, with this infcription : 
Hie jacet fpultus indytus Rex Arturius in Infula Avalonia, i. e. 
“ Here lies the famous king Arthur, buried in the file of 
Avalon.” Digging (till lower, they found the king’s bo¬ 
dy in the trunk of a tree, his beautiful queen lying by 
him, with long flowing hair, of a yellow colour, which 
however funk into duft when touched. The king’s bones 
were of a large fize ; and in his flcull were ten wounds, or 
more, all cicatrized, except that of which he died. - This 
difcovery was made in the year 1189, as Giraldus Cam- 
brenfis tells 11s, who law thefe bones, and examined the 
whole matter carefully. There was alfo a table contain¬ 
ing this fiory fet up in the monaftery of Glaftonbury, and 
the leaden crofs with the infcription remained there till 
the diflblution of the monaftery, where it was feen by the 
great antiquary Leland.. 
Arthur’s Seat, a high hill in the neighbourhood of 
Edinburgh, faid to have been fo denominated from a tra¬ 
dition that king Arthur furveyed the country from its fum- 
mit, and had alio defeated the Saxons in its neighbour¬ 
hood. This hill riles by a fteep and rugged afeent, till it 
terminates in a rocky point near 700 feet high from the 
bafe, being more than double the height of the crofs on 
the top of St. Paul’s, London, which is 340 feet. On the 
fouth it is in many parts a perpendicular rock, compofed 
of bafaltic pillars, regularly pentagonal or hexagonal, about 
three feet in diameter, and from forty to fifty feet in height. 
Contiguous, upon the weft, and partly connected with it 
at the bafe, are the Salifbury craggs, of inferior height, 
but exhibiting an appearance equally lingular and grand. 
They prefent to the city an awful front of broken rocks 
and precipices, forming a fort of natural amphitheatre of 
folid rock; and backward, from the craggy verge above, 
the hill forms an extenlive irregular Hope, the furface af¬ 
fording pafture to numerous flocks of flieep. The craggs, 
befides ores, fpars, rock-plants, See. afford an inexhaufti- 
ble fupply of granite for paving the ftreetsand other pur- 
pofes. In quarrying, a part of the craggs has been worn 
down into a fpacious Ihelf, having the appearance of a 
lofty terrace, and ftretching a confiderable length. From 
hence is a near and diftinft profpedt of the city, with its 
environs, and the adjacent country. But from the pinna¬ 
cle called Arthur's Seaithe view is more noble and extenlive. 
The traveller may-here fit and furvey the centre of the 
country, belide-s having a complete view of Edinburgh 
and its caftle, on which he looks down as if feated among 
the clouds. In a word, the German ocean, the whole 
courfe of the Forth, the diftant Grampians, and a large 
portion of the moft populous and bell cultivated part of 
Scotland, form a laridfcape at once fublime, various, ahd 
beautiful. 
AR'TICKOKE,/. in botanyx See Cynara. 
Artichoke of Jerusalem. See Helianthus. 
AR'TICLE,/. \_articulus, Lat. ] A Angle claufe of an 
account; a particular part of any complex thing.—All 
the precepts, promifes, and threatenings, of the gofpel 
will rife up in judgment againft us ; and the articles of our 
faith will be fo many articles of accufation; and tire great 
weight of our charge will be this, That we did not obey 
the gofpel which we profeffed to believe ; that we made 
confeflion of the Chriftian faith, but lived like heathens. 
Tillotfon. —Terms; ftipulations.—I embrace thefe condi¬ 
tions; let us have articles between us. Shahefptare.~~- Point 
ART 227 
of time; exaft time.—If Cansfield had not, in that article 
of time, given them that brifk charge, by which other 
troops were ready, the king himfelf had been in danger. 
Clarendon. 
Article, inlaw, fignifies a complaint exhibited in the 
eccleliaftical court, by way of libel. Articles of the peace, 
are a complaint exhibited in the courts at Weitminfter, in 
order to compel the defendant to find fureties of the peace; 
in which cafe it is ufual for tire court, on ifluing an at¬ 
tachment, to make an indorfement thereon, directing Come 
juftice of the peace in the country to take the fecurity of 
the peace there, fpecifying the particular fums in which- 
the party and his fureties fhall be bound. Bur. Mansf.104.0 . 
Articles of war, are a code of laws made by his majefty 
from time to time for the regulation of the land-forces, in- 
purfuance of the feveral annual abts againft mutiny and 
defection. Articles of the navy , are rules and orders made 
by ftatute 31 Geo. II. c. 10, for the government of the. 
royal fleet. Articles of religion , commonly called the thir¬ 
ty-nine articles, are a body of articles draw n up by the 
convocation in 1562, unto which perfons admitted into.ee- 
clefiaftical offices are to fubferibe. Articuli cleri, are fta- 
tutes containing certain articles relating to the church and 
clergy, made in the i4Edw. 111. 
Article, in grammar, denotes a particle ufed in molt 
languages for the declining of nouns, and denoting the fe¬ 
veral cafes and genders thereof; as, the, an\ the man, an 
ox, See. The life of articles arifes chiefly hence, that in 
languages which have no different terminations*, to exprefs 
the different Hates and circumftances of nouns, there is 
fomething required to fupply that office. The Latins have 
no articles; but the Greeks, and moft of the modern lan¬ 
guages, have* had reccurle to them, for fixing and aicer- 
taining the vague (ignification of common and appellative- 
names. The Greeks have their 0, the eaftem tongues their 
he emphalieum ; their Italians their il, lo, and la. The 
French their le, la, and les. The Germans their dcr, das, 
dat. Articles are of great fervice in a language, as they 
contribute to the more neat and precife expreffing of fe¬ 
veral properties and relations, which mull otherwife be 
loft. And hence one great advantage of fuch languages 
over the Latin, in that the article being either exprefs- 
ed or left out,, makes an alteration in the lenfe, which the 
Latins cannot diftinguifh. Thus when Satan laid to our 
Savious, Si tu es Filius Dei, it may either be underftood, 
“ it thou art a fon of God,” or, “ if thou art the fon of 
God.” The Italians-even prefix articles to proper names, 
which do not naturally need any, beeaufe they themfelves 
fignify things individually. Thus they lay, il Ariqfto, il 
Taffo, il Petrarcha. Even the French join the article to 
the proper names of kingdoms, provinces, &c. as, la Suede, 
la Normandie. And we likewife annex it to the names of 
certain mountains and rivers ; as, the Rhine, the Danube, 
the Alps, &c. 
To Article, v. n. To ftipulate; t-o make terms: 
Such in love’s warfare is my cafe, 
I may not article for grace, 
Having put love at lad to ftiew this face. Donne. 
To Article, v.a. To draw up in particular articles. 
—He, w'hofe life leems fair, yet, if all his errors and fol¬ 
lies were (articled againft him, the man would feem vicious.- 
and miferable. Taylor. 
ARTl'CULAR, adj. [ articularis, Lat.] Belonging to 
the joints. In medicine, an epithet applied to a difeafe, 
which more immediately infefts the joints. Thus the gout 
is-called morbus articularis. 
ARTI'CULATE, adj. [from articulus, Lat.] Diflindt; 
divided, as the parts of a limb are divided by joints; not 
continued in one tone, as, articulate founds ; that is, founds 
varied and changed at proper paules, in oppofition to the 
voice of animals, which admit no fuch variety. An ar- 
ticulate pronunciation, a manner of fpeaking clear and dif- 
tin£b, in which one found is not confounded with ano¬ 
ther 
Tha 
