ART 
19th of July ; arrived at Coupang in Timor on the 2d of 
October; at St. Helena the 17th of December; and at St. 
Vincent’s on the 22d of January, 1793. Here they ftaid 
feven days to leave a part of their cargo, according to the 
inftrmStions; and on the 5th of February they arrived at 
Jamaica, and delivered the remainder. The number of 
plants taken on-board at Otaheite was 2634, in 1281 pots, 
tubs, and cafes ; and of thefe 1151 were bread-fruit trees. 
When they arrived at Coupang 200 plants were dead, but 
the reft were in good order. Here they procured 92 pots 
of the fruits of that country. They arrived at St. Helena 
with 830 fine bread-fruit trees, belides other plants. Here 
they left fonie of them, with different fruits of Otaheite 
and Timor, befides mountain rice and other feeds ; and 
from hence the Eaft Indies may be fupplied with them. 
On their arrival at St. Vincent’s they had 551 cafes, con¬ 
taining 678 bread-fruit trees, befides a great number of 
other fruits and plants, to the number of 1245. Near half 
this cargo was depolited here, under the care of Mr. Alex. 
Anderfon, the fuperintendant of his majefty’s botanic gar¬ 
den, for the ufe of the Windward Iflands ; and the re¬ 
mainder, intended for the benefit of the Leeward Iflands, 
was conveyed to Jamaica, and diftributed as the governor 
and council of Jamaica pleafed to diredf. The exaCt 
number of bread-fruit trees brought in health to Jamaica 
was 352, out of which five only were referved for his ma¬ 
jefty’s botanic garden at Kew. Though the principal ob¬ 
ject of this voyage was to procure the bread-fruit tree, 
yet it was not confined to-this only ; for the defign was to 
furniflt the Weft-Indian ifles with the mod valuable pro¬ 
ductions of the South Seas and the Eaft Indies. Ac¬ 
cordingly the gardeners were inftructed to procure plants 
of the fweet plantain called meia• the Otaheitean apple 
or avee-, the root called peak, of which the iflanders make 
a kind of pudding; and the very large yam, which is of 
a better fort than any in the Weft Indies. They were all'o 
to obtain at Timor, or other places in the Eaft Indies, 
fuch plants and fruits as are tiled for food or otherwife 
by the natives; fuch as the lanja., wangojlan, durion, jam- 
boo, nanca, tchampadha, b/imbing, jambolan, boabidarra, falac, 
bleck, long pepper, See. together with fome buflieis of dry 
or mountain rice, which is cultivated without being over¬ 
flowed with water ; and they were to make themfelves 
acquainted with the mode of managing it, in order to 
communicate the fame to the inhabitants of the Weft In¬ 
dies. They were alfo, as a fecondary objeCt, and as they 
had opportunity, to take on-board, at the feveral places 
where they touched, curious plants for his majefty’s bo¬ 
tanic garden at Kew, provided they did not diminifh the 
flock of bread-fruit trees ; and that they were planted only 
in fuch pots or cafes in which thefe or other ufeful plants 
had died. And the objeft of their voyage being com¬ 
pleted, they were directed to take in, both at St. Vincent’s 
and Jamaica, fuch plants as had been prepared for the 
royal botanic garden at Kew. Captain Bligh had the 
•fatisfaCtion, before he quitted Jamaica, of feeing the trees, 
which he had brought w ith lo much fuccefs, in a molt 
flourilhing ftate; infomuch, that no doubt remained of 
their growing well, and fpeedily producing fruit. It is 
difficult, perhaps, to point out a more benevolent under¬ 
taking than this of tranl'porting ufeful and falutary ve¬ 
getables from one part of the earth to another where they 
do not exift. And every good man will certainly rejoice, 
that a humane and well-concerted plan has thus at length 
happily fucceeded ; and that the bread-fruit tree, with 
many other ufeful fruits and plants, has been eftablilhed 
in the Weft Indies, by the kind attention of the Britifh 
government, the exemplary and dilintercfted exertions of 
Sir Jofeph Banks, and the zealous care of captain Bligh. 
The bread-fruit, when perfectly ripe, is pulpy, fweetilh, 
phtrefeent, and in this ftate is fuppofed to be too laxa¬ 
tive ; but when green it is farinaceous, and efteemed a 
very w’holefome food, either baked under the coals, or 
roafted over them ; the tafte is not very unlike that of 
wlveaten bread, but with fome refemblance to Jerufelem 
ART *39 
artichokes or potatoes. It was mentioned before that a 
fort of cloth is made of the inner bark. But, belides this, 
the wood of the tree is of ufe in building boats and houfes; 
the male catkins ferve for tinder; the leaves for wrapping 
their food in, and for wiping their hands inftead of towels; 
and the juice for making bird-lime, and a cement for fill¬ 
ing up the cracks of their velfels for holding water. Three 
trees are fuppofed to yield fufficient nourifliment for one 
perfon. Thunberg fent feeds of the Eaft-Indian bread¬ 
fruit from Batavia, to the botanic garden at Amfterdam, 
in 1775. In 1777, he fent fome finall living plants ; and 
the year following he brought with him to Europe a great 
number of plants both of this and the following fpecies. 
But the true feedlefs fort, from the South Seas, was firft 
introduced into the iflands of St. Vincent and Jamaica,, 
and into the botanic garden at Kew, by captain Bligh, in 
1793. The bread-fruit is called in the Malay language 
foccun ; in Java fouku-, in Amboyna Joan ox June ; in Ma- 
kaflar bakar-, in Termate gomo-, in Tinian rima. The Dutch 
call it fockujboom-, the Germans brodbaum ; the French rima 
or fruit a pain. 
2. Artocarpus integrifolia, or Indian jacca tree: leaves 
entire. The Eaft-Indian jacca or jack tree is about the 
fame fize as the foregoing, or larger. Branches alternate, 
fpreading ; the twigs hirfute with long flitf hairs. Leaves 
alternate, petioled, ovate-oblong, blunt with a blunt point, 
obfeurely ferrate, undivided, nerved; bright green and 
very frnooth on the upper furface, paler beneath and hir¬ 
fute with (lift' hairs, fpreading, a fpan in length : the 
younger leaves are evidently toothed, but the teeth difap- 
pear afterwards ; foinetimes a leaf or two may be gafhed. 
The petiole is fomewhat triangular, frnooth, an inch in 
length. Stipules as in the foregoing. Flowers male and 
female diftintt on the fame Item or branch. Peduncle 
either Ample or branched, pendulous, an inch thick, and 
a foot long. Pedicels three, five, or more, the length and 
thicknefs of a finger. The fruit w eighs thirty pounds and 
upwards; it has within it frequently from two to three 
hundred feeds, three or four times as big as almonds ;. 
they are ovate-oblong, blunt at one end, (harp at the 
other, and a little flatted on the fides. Thefe two fpecies 
of artocarpus cannot be diftinguifhed with certainty, either 
by the form of the leaves or the lituation of the fruit: for 
the leaves in this are fometimes lobed, as in that; and 
the lituation of the fruit varies with the age of the tree, 
being firft borne on the branches, then on the trunk, and 
finally on the roots. The jacca tree is a native of Mala¬ 
bar, and other parts of the Eaft Indies. The fruit is ripe 
in December, and is then eaten, but is efteemed difficult 
of digefticn; the unripe fruit is alfo ufed pickled, or cut 
in dices and boiled, or fried in palm-oil. The nuts are 
eaten roafted ; and the (kin next them is ufed inftead of 
the areca nut in chewing betel. The wood of the tree 
ferves for building. No lefs than thirty varieties of the 
fruit are enumerated in Malabar. It was introduced into 
the royal garden at Kew in 1778, by Sir E. ifughes, K. B. 
Propagation and Culture. Thofe varieties which bear 
feeds may be propagated by them, fown in a pot of rich 
earth, and plunged in the bark-bed. Thofe which have 
no feed in the fruit may be increafed from fuckers, in 
which they abound very much, or by layers. In hot cli¬ 
mates they fucceed belt in a rich foil ; for, though they 
w ill grow in an indifferent cne, yet they by no means ar¬ 
rive at that magnitude, nor is their fruit fo well flavoured, 
as when they are planted in a good one. In the Eaft In¬ 
dies, they thruft a fruit of the jacca tree into the ground 
whole, and, when the numerous feeds germinate and grow 
up, they tie the (terns all together with withes, and by 
degrees they form one (tern, which will bear fruit in lix 
or (even years, except it be in too watery a fitualion, 
ARTOCRE'AS,/'. [from ag-ro?, bread, and flefh.T 
A nourifhing food made of bread and various meats boiled 
together. 
ARTOGA'LA,/ [froma^-ro?,bread, and yx\u, .milk.3, 
A cooling food made of bread and milk. A poultice. 
ARTOIS* 
