249 ARU 
ARTOI'-S, a province of France before tjie revolution ; 
bounded on the north by Flanders, on the weft and loath 
by Picardy, and on the eaft by Hainan!t and the Cambre- 
fis, being about twenty-five leagues in length, and twelve 
in breadth. The commerce is principally in grain, wool, 
colefeed, oil, and hemp. It was one of the firft countries 
conquered by-the French, and was ereCted into a comte by 
St. Louis, and given to one of the princes of the blood. 
It is now principally included in the department of the 
Straits of Calais. 
ARTO'LICA, anciently a town of the Salaftii, in Gal¬ 
lia Cifpadana, at the foot of the Alps; now called La Tuile 
by the inhabitants, a hamlet of Savoy, in the duchy of 
Aouft, at the foot of mount St. Bernard the Lefs. 
ARTOME'Ll,/. [froma^roc, bread, and ^eAi, honey.] 
A cataplafm made of bread and honey. 
ARTON', a town of France, in the department of the 
Lower Loire, and chief place of a canton in the diftrict of 
Painboeuf: feventeen miles fouth-weft of Nantes. 
ARTON'NE, a town of France, in the department of 
Pny de Dome, and chief place of a canton, in the diftrict 
of Riom, five leagues north of Clermont, and two leagues 
and a half north of Riom. 
ARTO'TYRITES, [from «§to?, bread, and 
cheefe.] A Chriftian feCt, in the primitive church, who 
celebrated the eucharift with bread and cheefe, faying, that 
the firft oblations of men were not only of the fruits of the 
earth, but of their flocks. The Artotyrites admitted wo¬ 
men to the priefthood and epifcopacy; and Epiphanius 
tells us, it was a common thing to fee feven girls at once 
enter into their church, robed in white, and holding a torch 
in their hands; where they wept, and bewailed the wretch- 
ednefs of human nature, and the miferies of this life. 
AR'TRO, a river of North Wales, which runs into the 
fca a little below Llanbeder in Merionethfhire. 
To AR'TUATE, v. a. [artuatus,L at.] To tear limb 
from limb. 
ARTZ'BACH, a river of Germany, a river of Ger¬ 
many, which runs into the Enns, four miles fouth of Reif- 
fling, in the duchy of Stiria. 
ARTZ'BERG, a town of Germany, in the archduchy 
of Auftria, near the Enns, twelve miles fouth-eaft of Steyr. 
ARU', or Ar'toe, a (mall ifland in the Indian Sea, be¬ 
tween the illand'of Sumatra and the peninfula of Malacca. 
ARU'A, anciently a town of Baetica, of the refort of 
the Conventus Hifipalenfis; now Alclca, a citadel of An- 
dalufia, on the Btetis, or Guadalquiver, feven leagues above 
Seville. 
AR'VA, a town and caftle of Hungary, the capital of 
a county, fourteen miles north of Rolenberg. 
Arva, a river of Hungary, which runs into the Waag, 
eleven miles north of Arva. 
ARVA'LES FRA'TRES, in Roman antiquity, a col¬ 
lege of twelve priefts, inftituted by Romulus, and chofen 
out of the moft noble families, himfelf being one of that 
body: they aflifted in the facrifices of the ambervalia an¬ 
nually offered to Ceres and Bacchus for the profperity of 
the fruits of the earth ; when they wore on their heads 
crowns made of ears of corn. The origin of this inftitu- 
tion was as follows : Acca Laurentia, Romulus’s nurfe, 
was accuftomed once a-year to make a folemn facrifice for 
a blefling on the fields, her twelve Cons always aflifting her 
in the folemnity ; but, at laft lolingoneof her Ions, Ro¬ 
mulus offered himfelf to fupply his place, and gave this 
frnall fociety the fame of Aivales fratres. This order was 
in great repute at Rome : they held tlie dignity for life, 
and never loft it upon account of imprifonment, banilh- 
ment, or any other accident. 
ARU'BA, a town of Perfia, in the province of Mecran, 
near a cape of the fame name, on the Indian ocean, thirty 
leagues eaft of Mecran. 
Aruba, or Oruba, a frnall ifland in the Weft Indies, 
near the coaft of Terra Firma, about five leagues in cir¬ 
cumference, fourteen leagues weft of Curafloa. 
ARU'Cl* anciently a town of the Celtici, in the north 
ARU 
of Lufitania, called alfo Aruci Novum ; now fuppofedtobe 
Moura, a frnall city of Portugal, near the confluence of th® 
Ardila and Guadalquiver. 
Aruci Vetus, anciently a city of the Turdetani, in 
Bretica ; now Aroche, a hamlet of Andalufia, on the con¬ 
fines of Portugal and Eftremadura, on the river Gama, fe- 
ven leagues to the eaft of Aruci Novum or Moura. From 
it a mountain, in its neighbourhood, takes the name Aruci. 
tanus. Now la Sierra de Aroche. 
ARLECIA, anciently a town of Illyria, in the inland 
parts of Liburnia; now Brcgna, according to fome; but 
Ottofchatz, according to others; a citadel of Morlachia. 
ARU'DY, a town of France, in the department of the 
Lower Pyrenees, and chief place of a canton in the diftrict 
of Oleron, eleven miles fouth of Pan. 
AR'VE, or Ar'veron, a river, or torrent, that takes its 
rife in the glaciers or ice-mountains of Savoy, and after 
a rapid winding courfe, of at leaft a hundred miles, dif- 
charges itfelf into the Rhone near Geneva. It is a re¬ 
markable fight to fee thefe two rivers flow together, for 
half a mile, without mingling; the Arve keeping its grey, 
and the Rhone its blue, colour. 
ARVER'NI, an appellation early ufed for the capital 
of the Arverni, according to the cuftom of the latter ages 
of naming towns from the people ; it was formerly called 
Nemojfus. Strabo. The Arverni, a brave and ancient peo¬ 
ple, and one of the moft powerful nations of Gaul, claim¬ 
ed affinity with the Romans, as defeendants from Antenor. 
Lucan. After their conqueft by the Romans, their ancient 
liberty was preferved to them on account of their bravery. 
Pliny. Above a thoufand years ago the town was called 
Clarus Mens, from its fituation ; now Clermont , in Auvergne. 
Lat. 45.42. N. Ion. 3.20. E. 
ARVTCITO, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of Na¬ 
ples, on the eaft coaft of Calabria Ultra, four miles fouth 
of Stilo. 
AR'VIL SUP'PER, f A feaft or entertainment made 
at funerals, in the north of England. Arvil bread is 
the bread delivered to the poor at funeral folemnities. 
Cowcl. And arvil, arval, arfal, are ufed for the burial or 
funeral rites. 
ARVIRA'GUS, an ancient Britifh king, who flourifhed 
in the time of the emperor Domitian. He gained a com¬ 
plete victory over Claudius : but, beingfoon after befieged, 
in the city of Winchefter, he made a treaty with the Ro¬ 
mans, and married the emperor’s daughter Genuifla. This 
monarch lived to a good old age : he confirmed the ancient 
laws, enabled new ones, and liberally rewarded perfons of 
merit. 
ARVrSIUM,yi [from Arvifia, a promontory of the ifle 
of Chios, where it was made.] Malmfey, a rich cordial 
wine. 
A'RUM, f. [from agat, noxa, injury. I.obelius derives 
it from 1 tgov, Gr. facred,.as being like the facred member 
of man ; but it may more probably be from jn* Heb. a dart, 
which it exactly reprefents. ] In botany, a genus of the gy- 
nandria polyandria clafs, in the natural order of piperitas. 
T*he generic characters are—I. Male flowers on the fame 
fpadix with the females, clofely heaped between a double 
row of threads. Calyx: fpathe one-leafed, very large, ob¬ 
long, convolute at the bale, converging at the top ; the 
belly comprefled, coloured within; fpadix club-fhaped, 
quite Ample, a little (horter than the fpathe, coloured, fen¬ 
ced at bottom with germs, and (lirivelling above them ; 
perianthium proper none. Corolia: none; nectaries thick 
at the bafe, ending in threads or tendrils, in two rows, if- 
fuing from the middle of the fpadix. Stamina: filament 
none; each anthera feflile, four-cornered. II. Female 
flowers on the lower part of the fpadix, clofe to each other. 
Calyx : fpathe and fpadix common to them with the males. 
Piftillum: germ each obovate; ftyle none ; ftigma beard¬ 
ed, with villole hairs. Pericarpium: berry globular, one- 
celled. Seeds: feveral, roundilh.— EJJential Character. 
Spathe one-leafed, cowled ; fpadix naked above, female 
below, ftamineous in the middle. 
Defcriplion. 
