A R 
ftomach, and afterwards in the remoter parts; manifeftly 
promoted perfpiration, and frequently produced a plenti¬ 
ful fweat. Several obftinate rheumatic pains were removed 
by this medicine, which he therefore recommends to far¬ 
ther trial. The roots fhould be taken tip for ufe in .au¬ 
tumn, and may be preferved tolerably fr.eih in (and for fe- 
veral months. Mr. Miller fays, they are generally gather¬ 
ed in the fpring, when they (brink, and foon lofe their pun¬ 
gent quality ; but, that thole which are taken up itrAu- 
guft, w hen the leaves decay, will continue good a whole 
year; and, that the not obferving this rule, has brought 
them into difrepute. This lingular plant, having attract¬ 
ed much notice from the vulgar, has a variety of Englifh 
names. Gerard gives us wake-robin , cuckoo pint or pintle, 
priejl’s-pintle, aron, caf’s-foot, rampc, and Jlarch-wort ; lords 
and ladies is alfo a common appellation ; and in Worcefter- 
lbire it is called bloody men'sjingers . It has the firft ol thefe 
names from its acrimony; the fecond and third from the 
form of the fpadix ; aron is from the German ; calf’s-foot 
from tiie Dutch kafsvoet ; the meaning of the others is 
evident, except rampe, which we do not underhand. The 
French have more names than we have, as gouct cornmun, 
pied-de-veau, &C.-&C. Italian arum grows naturally not 
only in Italy, but in Spain and Portugal, from all which 
countries Mr. Miller fays that he received the feeds. The 
leaves rife a foot and a half high, are very large, running 
out to a point, are of a fine fhining green, beautifully vein¬ 
ed with white, interfperfed with black fpots. The flow¬ 
ers grow near a foot high, and have very long upright 
fpathes, of a pale green, appearing at the end of April or 
the beginning of May, and ripening the feeds in Auguft. 
18. Arum Virginicum, or Virginian arum : leaves haf- 
tate-cordate acute, angles obtufe. This grows wild in wet 
places in Virginia, Carolina, Pennfylvania, Sec. The fa- 
vages boil the lpadix with the berries, and devour it as a 
.great dainty. The berries, when raw, have a harfli pun¬ 
gent tafte, which they lofe, in great meafure, by boiling. 
19. Arum probofeideum, or Apennine arum : leaves haf- 
tate, fpathe declinate filiform-fubulate. Native of the 
Apennines. This and the following fort have the fpathe 
ffiaped like a monk’s cowl. The leaves are on very fhort 
petioles. 
20. Arum arifarum, or broad-leaved hooded arum or 
friar’s cowl: leaves cordate-oblong, aperture of the fpathe 
ovate. Native of the fouth of France, Italy, Spain, Por¬ 
tugal, Barbary, and Cochin-China, in woods. Ray ob- 
ferved it between Mafia and Lucca, flowering the begin¬ 
ning of April; alio near Toulon. It was cultivated in 
1596 by Gerard. 
21. Arum piCtum, or painted arum: leaves cordate, 
painted with coloured veins. Root-leaves three or four, 
petioled, painted on their upper furface with white veins. 
22. Arum ovatum : leaves ovate-oblong, fpathe fca- 
broils. Native of the Eaft Indies. 
23. Arum tenuifolium, or grals-leaved arum or narrow¬ 
leaved friar’s cowl: leaves lanceolate, fpadix briftle-fha- 
ped, declinate. Leaves five or fix, fhining, refembling 
thofe of narrow-leaved plaintain. It was cultivated, as we 
learn from Lobel, in 1570, and flowered in Mr. Ray’sgar- 
den at Cambridge.- It grows naturally about Rome, alfo 
about Montpellier, in Dalmatia, and the Levant. 
24. Arum cannsefolium: leaves lanceolate veinlefs. 
Root-leaves few, petioled, two feet long, refembling very 
much thofe of canna. Scape very fiiort. Spathe rather 
obtufe, red without, white within, with the edge alfo white. 
In the fpadix there is no fpace between the fhunens and 
the piftils. Native of Surinam, on trees, paralitical. 
III. Caulefcent. 25. Arum arborefeens, or tree arum : 
flraight, leaves fagittale. Native of South America. 
26. Arum feguinum, or dumb-cane arum : nearly up¬ 
right, leaves lanceolate ovate. The leaves of this fpecies 
are fometimes punched with holes,, as in draconlium pertu- 
fum. It rifes to the height of fix or feven feet, with a green 
jointed (lalk as large as a walking-cane : the leaves are 
placed irregularly at die top of the Hulks, growing in a 
U M. 
cl after 
z 43 
they are oblong, and of a light-green colour : 
from between the leaves die flowers come out on the fide 
of the flalk, having a Jong fpathe of a pale green colour, 
marked with white fpots, fitting.dole to the (lem of the 
plant ; at tile firft appearance it Hands erect, foon after it 
becomes horizontal, and in little time declines downward ; 
the lower part is fwelling fo far as the flowers are ranged 
on the fpadix, above which it is greatly contracted, and 
toward the top enlarges again, where it is a little open, fo 
as to fhew the naked part of the fpadix, but is twilled 
again at the top : all the lower part foldsvdofely over the 
fpadix, fo that it is fcarcely difcernible, imlef's the fpathe" 
be opened, which can only be done on one fide, the other 
adhering clofely to the fpadix, fo far upward as the flowfrs 
extend, the naked part of the fpadix only being feparated 
from the fpathe ; fo that the female flowers and (lumens 
are ranged only on one fide of the fpadix, in which it dif¬ 
fers from ail the other fpecies which we have feen. It 
grows naturally in the litgar iflands, and other warm parts 
ol America, chiefly in the low grounds ; the whole plants 
abound in an acrid juice, fo that if a leaf or a part of the 
flalk be broken, and applied to the tip of the tongue, it 
caufes a very painful fenfation, and fuch an irritation on 
the falivary duffs, that they prefently fwell, fo that the 
perfon cannot fpeak : from this quality, and its being joint¬ 
ed, they call it dumb-cane in Jamaica, where it is faid they 
fometimes rub the mouths of their negroes with it, by way 
of punifnment. The flalk is tiled for a better purpole, to 
bring fugar to a good grain, when the juice is too vifeid, 
and cannot be brought to granulate rightly with lime alone. 
A decoCtion of the plant is recommended by way of fo¬ 
mentation in dropfies ; it certainly mu ft be a ftrong refolu- 
tive, which cannot fail to ftrengthen and ftimulate the re¬ 
laxed fibres, in fuch cafes. 
27. Arum hederaceum, or ivy-leaved arum : radicant; 
leaves cordate oblong acuminate, petioles round. Native 
of the Weft Indies. 
28. Arum lingulatum, or tongue-leaved arum : creep¬ 
ing ; leaves cordate-lanceolate, petioles edged with mem¬ 
branes. This climbs trees with great eafe, and grows more 
fucculent and luxuriant towards the top. Native of the 
Weft Indies. 
29. Arumauritum, or ear-leaved arum : radicant; leaves 
ternate, thofe on the fide one-lobed. This is alfo a climb¬ 
ing plant, lending out fhoots from the Hem and branches. 
The leaves are large, heart-ftiaped, having three lobes or 
ears. The flowers are inclofed in a large fpathe, but thefe 
are not fruitful in England. It is a native of the Welt 
Indies; is pretty frequent in all the hills of Jamaica, and 
generally found climbing among the trees. It is the only 
fpecies that is obfervea to be furniflied with compound 
leaves in that ifland. It was cultivated in 1748 by Miller. 
30. Arum Indicum, or Indian arum: nearly upright; 
leaves ovate, bifid at the bale, rounded ; fpadixes axillary. 
Stem five feet high, as thick as the human arm, ufually up¬ 
right. Native of the Eaft Indies. Cultivated in Cochin- 
China, where the flalk is boiled and eaten. 
31. Arum cucullatum,or cowled arum : upright; leaves 
peltate, cordate, with the ears cowled. Root flefhy, large, 
round, quite fimple. Stem upright, two feet high. The 
berries have four feeds in them. Native of the fuburbs 
of Canton. 
32. Arum fpirale, or fpiral arum : ftemlefs; leaves lan¬ 
ceolate, fpathe fpiral fefiile. Root joined, creeping. Na¬ 
tive of Tranquebar, in the Eaft Indies; where it was found 
by Koenig. 
Propagation and Culture. Common dragon is very hardy, 
and will grow in any foil or (ituation. It propagates very 
faft by offsets from the root. The time to tranfplant it is 
in autumn, when the leaves decay. Our common arum, 
growing naturally in woods, &c. is fcldom admitted into 
gardens. The large Italian fort propagates very faft, as 
well as this, by offsets from the root, and will thrive in 
any foil or fituation. The beft time to tranfplant thefe is 
foon after the feeds are ripe, for by the end of October 
they 
