4*2 AT H 
ATHA'BOLI, or Agata'pom, a town of European 
Turkey, in the province of Romania, fixty-eight miles 
north-eaft of Adrianople. 
ATHALI'AH, [n^ny Heb. of ny the time, and n» of 
the Lord ; i. e. the hour or time of the Lord.] The daugh¬ 
ter of Omri, king of Ifrael. 
ATHAMADU'LET, the prime minifterof the Perfian 
empire, as the grand vizier is of the Turkifh empire. He 
is great chancellor of the kingdom, prefident of the coun¬ 
cil, fuperintendant of the finances, and is charged with all 
foreign .affairs. 
ATHAMAN'TA,/ [from Athamas, a city or mountain 
erf Theflaly.] In botany, a genus of the clafs pentandria, 
order digynia, natural order umbellatas, or umbelliferte. 
The generic character’s are—Calyx : umbel univerfal ma¬ 
nifold, fpreading; partial has fewer rays ; involucre uni- 
ver.fal many-leaved, linear, a little Ihorter than the rays ; 
partial linear, equal with the rays; perianthium proper, 
obfeure. Corolla: univerfal uniform; flofcules all fer¬ 
tile ; proper with five petals, inflex-emarginate, a little un¬ 
equal. Stamina: filaments five, capillary, the length of 
the corolla; anthene roundifh. Piftillum : germ inferior; 
ffyles two, djftant; ftigmas obtufe. Pericarpium : none; 
fruit ovate-oblong, ftriated, bipartite. Seeds : two, ovate, 
convex on one fide, ftriated; on the other flat.— EJfential 
CkaraEler. Fruit ovate-oblong, ftriated; petals infiex 
emarginate. 
Species, i . Athamanta Libanotis, or mountain fpignel 
or (tone-parfley: leaves bipinnate flat, umbel hemifpheri- 
cal, feeds hirfute. Root perennial; (lent from one to-two 
feet in height, eredt, not much branched. Native of Swe¬ 
den, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Auftria, Carniola, 
and the fouth of France. Obferved by Mr. Ray on the 
banks of the Danube, and on mount Jura, abroad ; alfo 
on Gogmagog-hills near Cambridge, at home. In this 
latter fituation it was not remarked by fucceeding bota- 
nifts, till Mr. Relhan found it in 1783. It flowers with 
us in Auguft and September. 
2. Athamanta cevari, or broad-leaved fpignel or black 
hart-root: leaves pinnate decuffated, gafh-angled ; feeds 
naked. Stem five feet in height, firm, branching. This 
plant is recommended in the gout: and in Stiria they ufe 
it in intermittent fevers. Native of the mountains of 
France, Switzerland, Germany, Auftria, and Carniola. 
Ray obferved it on the banks of the Rhine, in vineyards, 
and on the hills near Geneva. It flowers in July and Au¬ 
guft. Gerard had it growing in his garden in 1597. 
3. Athamanta Sibirica, or Siberian fpignel : leaves pin¬ 
nate, gath-angled. Gouan fays, that the ftem is from two 
cubits to the height of a man nearly, very much grooved, 
fo as to be angular. Scopoli delcribes his libanotis daucoidcs 
to be only eighteen inches high. Thefe plants, thus dif¬ 
ferently deferibed, cannot poflibly be the fame. It was 
introduced in 1771 by M. Richard. 
4. Athamantacondenfata, or clofe-headed fpignel: leaves 
fub-bipinnate, leaflets imbricate downwards, umbel lens- 
form. Root perennial. Stem fimple, a foot high, fmooth, 
angular near the bottom, furrowed towards the top, efpe- 
®ially the peduncle. Native of Siberia. 
5. Athamanta oreofelinum, or divaricated fpignel or 
mountain-parlley: leaflets divaricate. Root perennial, 
thick, aromatic, refinous, crowned with briftles. Leaves 
firm, fmooth, veined underneath, very large. Petals 
white, with a blufli of rofe-colour. It is gratefully aro¬ 
matic, and deferves to be better known. Native of Swe¬ 
den, Germany, France, Switzerland, Carniola, Auftria, 
but not of England. 
6. Athamanta ficula, or flix-weed leaved fpignel: low¬ 
er leaves fhining, primordial umbels fubfeflile, feeds hairy. 
This is a perennial plant, fending up from the root feve- 
ral upright 'Items, near three feet high. The flowers are 
white, and are fucceeded by oblong woolly fruit. Native 
of Sicily ; cultivated in England in 1713. 
7. Athamanta Cretenfis, or Cretan fpignel or Candy car¬ 
rot : leaflets linear flat, hirfute; petals two-parted; feeds 
A T H 
oblong, hirfute. The whole plant is yillofe, in a wild 
ftate] when cultivated in a garden the leaves become fuc- 
culent, brittle, and very fhining. Native of the fouth of 
Europe. Ray gathered it on the higher parts of mount 
Jura. It flowers in June. The feeds have been occafion- 
ally employed as carminatives, and were fuppofed likewise 
to be diuretic and emmenagogic: lately they have bee»- 
little tiled except as ingredients in theriaca and mithri- 
date. Now that thefe ancient compounds are in a manner 
difearded, the plant no longer appears in the London Phar¬ 
macopoeia. Haller however judges it to be much fupe- 
rior to the common wild carrot in medicinal efficacy, it 
was celebrated anciently as a Specific in the ftone: and it 
will fcarcely be believed that Van Helmont affirms feri- 
oully, that it has even cured the water iu a well of this 
diforder. 
8. Athamanta annua, ©r annual fpignel: leaves many- 
parted ; divifions linear, round!Ih, acuminate. Tihis-isan 
annual plant, whereas the other fpecies are perennial. It 
is fuppofed, however, by fome authors to be only a varie¬ 
ty of the foregoing. It is a native of Candia or Crete, and 
was introduced in 1770 by M. Richard. 
9. Athamanta Chinenfis: feeds membranaceous-ftriated; 
leaves fuperdecompound, poliftied, multifid. Stem angu¬ 
lar, fmooth, eredt. Bartram, who fent the feeds from 
Virginia, faid that it came originally from China. 
10. Athamanta rupeftris : leaflets briftle-fliaped, recur¬ 
ved, fmooth; all the flowers fertile. Stem eighteen inch¬ 
es high, branching, fub-villofe, finely ftreaked. Native of 
Carniola and Dauphine. Villars fuppofes this to be no 
more than a variety of the feventh fpecies ; and fays, that 
the root is very long and deep ; the leaves fmooth, the 
leaflets much longer and more diflinft, and the ftems fome- 
what higher. 
Propagation and Culture. Thefe plants are propagated 
by feeds, which fttould be fown in autumn, on an open 
bed of light dry ground ; and, when the plants come up 
in the fpring, they fliould be kept clean from weeds, and 
thinned where they are too dole, fo that they may have 
room to grow till the following autumn, when they fliould 
be carefully taken up, and planted at about a foot diftance 
in a bed of light fandy earth, where the roots will conti¬ 
nue feveral years; except the eighth fpecies, which is an¬ 
nual, and the ninth, which probably requires fome (bel¬ 
ter, but has not yet been cultivated with 11s. 
Athaman'ta Me'um. See jLthusa Meum. 
ATH'AMAS, a king of Theflaly, and fon of ^Eolus. 
By his wife Nephele he had two children, Phryxus and 
Helle, and afterward he married Ino, by w'hom he had 
Learclms and Melicerta. Ino treated the children of Ne- 
phete fo ill, that to get away from her they mounted the 
ram with a golden fleece, in order to fwim over the Hel- 
lefpont; but Helle was drowned, and gave her name to 
that ftrait. Juno, angry with Ino on this account, made 
Athamas run mad, who taking Ino to be a llonefs, and 
her children whelps, he was the death of them. 
ATHANA'SIA,y. [aSanoio-ix, immortality. ] In bota¬ 
ny, a genus of the clafs fyngenefia, order polygamia asqua- 
lis, natural order of compound flowers, in the divifion of 
difeoideae. The generic charadters are—Calyx : com¬ 
mon imbricate, ovate; feales lanceolate, prelfed clofe. 
Corolla : compound uniform, longer than the calyx; co- 
rollules hermaphrodite equal, numerous; proper funnel- 
formed; border five-cleft, acute, ereCtifti. Stamina: fi¬ 
laments five, capillary, fhort; anthera cylindric, tubular. 
Piftillum: germ oblongiih ; ftyle filiform, a little longer 
than the ftamen; ftigma bifid, obtufe. Pericarpium: 
none; calyx unchanged. Seeds: folitary, oblong; down 
chaffy, of very fhort briftles. Receptaculum: chaffy; 
chaffs lanceolate, longer than the feed.— EJJentialCharaEler. 
Calyx imbricate; down chaffy, very fhort; receptaculum 
chaffy. 
Species. 1. Athanafia fquarrofa, or crofs-leaved athana- 
fia: peduncles one-flowered lateral, leaves ovate recurv¬ 
ed. This is an underfhrub, branching determinately, 
bul 
