A T H 
but unequally. Leaves alternate, feflile, pointed, fmooth. 
There is a very fhort down to the feeds. Introduced in 
7774 by Mr. Francis MalTon. 
2. Athanafia fefliliflora, or feflile-flowered athanafia: 
peduncles one-flowered, (horter than the leaf; leaves li¬ 
near, hairy. 3. Athanafia pumila, or dwarf athanafia: 
peduncles one-flowered, longer than the leaf; leaves li¬ 
near, hairy. 4. Athanafia crenata, or notch-leaved atha¬ 
nafia : flowers folitary terminal, leaves linear. 5. Athana¬ 
fia uniflora, or one-flowered athanafia: flowers Iolitary, 
terminal, feflile; leaves obovate, imbricate, fmooth. 6. 
Athanafia capitata, or hairy athanafia: flowers terminal 
fubfeflile, leaves lanceolate hirfute. Thele fmall plants 
are all natives of the Cape. 
7. Athanafia maritima, or fea athanafia, cudweed, or 
cottonweed: peduncles two-flowered ; leaves lanceolate, 
crenate, obtufe, tomentofe. Root perennial, woody, putting 
out many fibres, which fpread near the furface. Stems feve- 
ral, hard, trailing, and fending o'ut on every fide many fmall 
branches, the whole feldom growing more than feven or 
eight inches in length : they are clofely fet with fellile 
leaves, extremely white, with a cottony down. The flow¬ 
ers are produced towards the end of the branches, upon 
fhort peduncles, of a bright yellow colour. The feeds 
are oval, fmooth, and comprelfed, without any down, but 
covered with a kind of hood. The whitenefs of the leaves 
and branches makes a pretty appearance. The' long pe¬ 
rennial roots run very deep into the fand, and throw up 
feveral branched bulky Items about a foot high, extremely 
brittle, round, covered with numerous alternate oblong 
leaves. A corymb of bright yellow flowers terminates 
the (tern and fide branches. Seeds curved, lharp, and 
membraneous at the edge. Every part, efpecially the 
flower, has a firong aromatic fcent. Native of the fouth 
of Europe, on the fea-coaft. With 11s in Anglefea, Corn¬ 
wall, Poole,Dorfet, illeof Shepey, nearLandguardfort,&c. 
8. Athanafia geniftifolia, or broom-leaved athanafia: 
corymbs Ample; leaves lanceolate, undivided, naked, 
crowded. Stem underfhrubby, branching determinate- 
ly, round, rough with the fears of fallen leaves. 
9. Athanafia pubefeens, or villofe-leaved athanafia: 
corymbs Ample, leaves lanceolate undivided viilofe. This 
rifes. with a fhrubby fiem fix or feven feet high ; the flow¬ 
ers are yellow, and the feeds do not ripen in England. 
10. Athanafia annua, or annual athanafia : corymbs Am¬ 
ple contracted, leaves pinnatifid toothed. Root annual. 
Stem herbaceous, about nine inches high, dividing toward 
the top into three or four branches, having fmooth leaves 
on them. Flowers large, bright yellow : they appear in 
July and Auguft, but are rarely fucceeded by ripe feeds 
in this country. There is a variety, which is the achillea 
inodora of Linmeus. It is a tender plant, with a Angle 
grooved fiem. 
11. Athanafia trifurcata, or trifid-leaved athanafia: co¬ 
rymbs Ample, leaves three-lobed cuneiform. 12. Atha¬ 
nafia crithmifolia, or famphire-leaved athanafia : corymbs 
Ample, leaves femitrifid linear. Stem fhrubby, five or fix 
fee-, high, dividing into many irregular branches. The 
flowers are of a bright yellow colour, but are feldom fuc¬ 
ceeded by ripe feeds in England. 
13. Athanafia linifolia, or flax-leaved athanafia : corymb 
Ample, leaves linear. Stem Ample, round, fmooth, like 
that of flax. Leaves alternate ; flowers ovate and fmooth. 
It varies in the length of the leaves. Found at the Cape 
by Maflon. 
14. Athanafia dentata, or tooth-leaved athanafia: co¬ 
rymbs compound ; leaves recurved, the lower linear tooth¬ 
ed, the upper ovate ferrate. Stem low, fhrubby, branch¬ 
ing, feldom rifing three feet high. Flowers pale yellow : 
they appear early in fummer, and, if the feafon proves fa¬ 
vourable, will be fucceeded bv ripe feeds in autumn. It 
was introduced, in 1780, by the countefs of Strathmore. 
15. Athanafia parviflora, or fmall-fiowered athanafia: 
corymbs compound, leaves pinnate linear. This has. a 
thick fhrubby fiem, covered with a grey bark, and rifes 
A T H 463 
feven or eight feet high,' fending out many branches on 
every fide ; the leaves fit clofe to them, and they are ter¬ 
minated clofe large roundifli bunches of bright yellow 
flowers: fome of the peduncles fuftain but one, bthers 
two, three, or four, flowers, upon each ; they appear the 
beginning of July, and continue in fuccellion till late in au¬ 
tumn ; thofe wdiich come early in the feafon will ripen 
their feeds, in winter. 
16. Athanafiapinnata: corymbsdenfe, compound ; leaves 
pinnate, linear, tomentofe. 
17. Athanafia pebfinata : corymb compound, leaves pin., 
nate fmooth. 18. Athanafia dentata : corymb compound ; 
leaves lanceolate, toothed, ferrate. 19. Athanafia filifor- 
mis, or fine-leaved athanafia : leaves linear, fmooth, fpread- 
ing. 20. Athanafia cinerea, or lavender-leaved athanafia: 
corymb compound ; leaves linear, tomentofe, entire. Ail 
the fpecies are natives of the Cape of Good Hope, except 
the feventh, which is an European. They are all peren¬ 
nial, except the tenth, which is annual. 
Propagation and Cn/ture. The perennial Cape forts of 
athanafia are eafily propagated by cuttings during the fum¬ 
mer months. If thefe are planted either in pots, or upon 
an old hot-bed, and clofely covered with glades, lhading 
them in the heat of the day, and refrefhing them with wa¬ 
ter when they require it, they will put out roots in five or 
fix weeks; and in two months they may be taken up and 
planted in pots filled with light earth, and placed in a fha- 
dy fituation until they have taken new root; after which 
they fhould be removed to a fheltered fituation, mixing 
them with other exotic plants, where they may remain till 
the middle or end of October, according as the feafon 
proves favourable; then they fhould be removed into a 
dry flove or glafs-cafe, where they may enjoy as much 
free air as poffible, but fecured fromfroft, with which ma¬ 
nagement they w ill thrive, and produce plenty of flow ers; 
but, where they are drawn weak in winter, they will 
not appear fightly. The annual Cape fort is propagated 
by feeds, when they can be obtained good : they fhould 
be fown on a moderate hot bed the latter end of March ; 
when the plants are come up they fhould have air, in pro¬ 
portion to the warmth of the feafon, admitted to them, to 
prevent their drawing up weak ; and, fo foon as they are 
big enough to remove, they fhould be tranfplant-cd on an¬ 
other gentle hot-bed, at three inches diflance, obferving 
to fliade them until they have got frefh root; after which 
they muff have air and water, and, by the end of May, 
the plants will have acquired ftrength enough to be tranf- 
planted into the open air; when fome may be planted in 
pots to place among other exotic plants in fummer, and 
the others into warm borders, where they will flower all 
the autumn, but, unlefs the feafon is very warm, they will 
not ripen feeds. 
The European fpecies may be propagated by planting 
flips or cuttings during the fummer months, in the fame 
way as the African forts; fome of the plants fhould be 
put into pots, to be placed under a hot-bed frame in win¬ 
ter, the others may be planted in a warm border, w here, 
if the winfer proves favourable, they will live; but they 
rarely furvive cold winters. 
ATHANA'SIAN CREED, a formulary, or confellion 
of faith, long fuppofed to have been drawn up by Atlui- 
nafius bifhop of Alexandria, in the fourth century, to juf- 
tify himfelf againfi the calumnies of his Arian enemies. 
But it is now generally allowed among the learned not to 
have been his. Dr. Waterland aferibes it to Hilary bi¬ 
fhop of Arles, for the following among other Feafcns : 1 . 
Becaufe Honoratus of Marfejlles, the writer of his life, 
tells 11s, that he compofed an Fxpof tion. of the Creed ; a 
properer title for the Athanafian than that of Creed lim¬ 
ply which it now bears. 2. Hilary was a great admirer 
and follower of St. Auflin; and the whole compolirion of 
this creed is in a manner upon St. Auftin’s plan, both with 
refpeft to the Trinity and incarnation. 3. It is agreeable 
to the flyle of Hilary, as far as we can judge from the 
little that is left of his works. Upon the vvliole, he con- 
c hides,, 
