5$2 A V E 
and The triumphal entry of Alexander into Babylon. The 
former was engraved by Girard Edelink, and the latter by 
Girard Audran. It is to be remarked of all thefe plates, 
that tliofe impreftions are generally molt efteemed which 
have the name of Goyton, the printer, marked on them. 
AUDRUICK', a town of France, in the department of 
the Straits of Calais, and chief place ot a canton, in the 
diltridf of Calais, three leagues and a half north-weft of 
St. Qmer. 
AUDUN' LE ROM ANT', a town of France, in the 
department of the Mofelle, and chief place of a canton, 
in the diftrict of Longwy, three leagues and a half weft of 
Thionville. 
AVE, a river of Portugal, which runs into the fea, 
near Villa de Conde, in the province of Entre Duero e 
Minho. 
AUE, a river of Germany, which runs into the Wefer, 
three miles fouth of Nienburg, in the circle of Weftphalia. 
Aue, a town of Germany, in Upper Saxony, and circle 
of Erzgebirg, five miles north-weft of Schwartzenberg. 
Aue, a river of Germany, in Lower Saxony, which runs 
into the Fuhfe, two miles fouth-fouth-eaft of Zell. 
AVEHEN', a town of North America, in the country 
of Mexico, and diftrift of Chiametlan. 
AVE IN', a village of the Netherlands, in the duchy of 
Luxemburg, near which the army of France defeated the 
Spaniards, two leagues from Rochefort. 
AVEI'RO, or Braganca Nova, a fea-port town of 
Portugal, in the province of Beira, fituated in a fmall gulf 
at the mouth of the Vouga ; the harbour is fit for veflels 
of moderate lize. The chief trade is fait, of which great 
quantities are made in its environs ; it is eleven leagues 
fouth of Oporto. Lat.40.40. N. Ion. 10. i.E. Ferro. 
AVEIROU', a river of France, which runs into the 
Tarn, four leagues below Montauban. 
To AVE'L, v. a. \_avello , Lat.] To pull away.—The 
beaver in chace makes fome divulfion of parts, yet are not 
thefe parts avelled to be termed tefticles. Brown. 
AVEL'LA, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, 
and country of Lavora, four miles north-eaft of Nola. 
AVELLA'NA,_/i in botany. See Corylus. 
AVELLA'NE, f. in heraldry, a crols, the quarters of 
which fomewhat refemble a filbert-nut. Sylvanus Mor¬ 
gan fays, that it is the crofs which enfigns the mound of 
authority, or the fovereign’s globe. 
AVELLI'NO, a city of Naples, in Italy, with a biftiop’s 
fee. It was almoft ruined by an earthquake in 1694. It 
is, however, at prefent, a conliderable place, having an 
extenfive manufacture of cloth of various qualities and 
colours, but chiefly blue. The fecond article of trade is 
maccaroni and pafte of many kinds, which, being of an 
excellent quality, are in high repute. Avellino abounds 
with provifions of every fort; and each ftreet is fupplied 
with wholefome water. The foil of this diftrift, which 
conlifts chiefly of volcanic fubftances, produces little corn, 
but fruit in abundance, of which the apple is defervedly 
held in great efteem. The moft profitable, however, of 
all its fruit-trees, is the hazel. Nut-bullies cover the face 
of the valley, and in good years bring in a profit of fixty 
thoufand ducats, (11,2501.) The nuts are moftly of the 
large round fpecies of filbert, which we call Spanijk. 
Thefe bullies were originally imported into Italy from 
Pontus, and known among the Romans by the appellation 
of Nitx Pontica, w hich in procefs of time was changed in¬ 
to that of Nux Avellana, from the place where they had 
been propagated with the greateft fuccefs. The proprie¬ 
tors plant them in rows, and by drefling, form them into 
large bulhes of many Items. Every year they refrefh the 
roots with new earth, and prune oft the draggling fhoots 
with great attention. 
A'VE.MARFA, the angel Gabriel’s falutation of the 
Virgin Mary, when he brought her the tidings of the in¬ 
carnation. It is become a prayer or form of devotion in 
the Rornilh church. The chaplets and rofaries are divi¬ 
ded into fo many ave-marias, and fo many paternofters, to 
AVE 
which the members of the Rornilh church attribute great 
fpiritual efficacy. 
AVE'NA (J f. [from aveo, Lat. to delire or covet; cattle 
being fond of it.] Oat and Oat-grass. In botany, a 
genus of the clais triandria, order digynia, natural order 
of gramina or grades. The generic characters arq, Ca¬ 
lyx: glume generally many-flowered, two-valved, loofely 
collecting the flowers ; valves lanceolate, acute, ventri- 
cofe, loofe, large, awnlefs. Corolla: two-valved: lower 
valve harder than the calyx, the fize of the calyx, round- 
ilh, ventricofe, acuminate at both ends, emitting from the 
back an awn fpirally twilled, reflex as at the knee-joint ; 
neCtary two-leaved ; leaflets lanceolate, gibbous at the 
bale. Stamina: filaments three, capillary. Anthers: ob¬ 
long, forked. Piftillum : germ obtufe. Styles : two, re¬ 
flex, hairy; ftigmas fimple. Perianthium : none. Corolla: 
moft firmly doled, grows to the feed, and does not gape. 
Seed : one, llender-oblong, acuminate at both ends, mark¬ 
ed with a longitudinal furrow..— -EJfentialCharader. Calyx : 
two-valved, many-flowered ; awn from the back of the 
corolla, jointed, twilled. 
Species. 1. A vena Sibirica, or Siberian oat-grafs : pa- 
nicled, calyxes one-flowered, feeds hirfute, awns thrice 
the length of the calyx. Culms from two to three feet in 
height, very (lender. Leaves rolled up, fo as to appear 
like rulhes, from fix inches to a foot in length. Panicle 
frequently direded entirely to one fide, refembling a fpike, 
from three to nine inches long, green, purple, or varie¬ 
gated. Native of Siberia. Introduced in 1777, by MeflT. 
Kennedy and Lee. It flowers in July and Auguft. 
2. Avena elatior, or tall oat-grafs: panicled; calyxes 
two-flowered ; hermaphrodite flofcule almoft awnlefs, 
male awned. Root perennial. Stems from two to three 
feet high or more, upright, round, fmooth, having four 
or five purplilh joints. Leaves fix or feven inches, or 
even a foot, in length, from two to three lines in breadth, 
together with the (heath ftriated and fmooth. Tall oat- 
grafs is common on banks, in hedges, on the borders of 
fields, and fometimes of meadows, efpecially wet ones; 
flowering in June and July. It is an early grafs, very 
productive, and yields a plentiful aftermath. The Item 
and leaves are by no means coarfe, but loft, tender, and 
of a pleafant talie ; and it may be propagated with faci¬ 
lity. Some foreign writers feem to have miftaken this for 
our ray-grafs, from which it differs moft widely. It is cul¬ 
tivated in fome places abroad, and may perhaps be no bad 
fubftitute for meadow fox-tail grafs. 
3. Avena ftipiformisr panicled, calyxes two-flowered, 
awns twice the length of the feed, culms branching, 
a foot high, often reclining, fmooth, with brown joints. 
Branches Ihort, from each axil. Native of the Cape of 
Good Hope. 
4. Avena Pennfylvanica, or Pennfylvanian oat-grafs : 
panicle attenuated, calyxes two-flowered, feeds villofe, 
awns twice the length of the calyx. Obferved in Penn- 
fylvania, by Kalm. Introduced here in 1785, by William 
Pitcairn, M. D. 
5. Avena loeflingiana, or Spanilh oat-grafs : panicle 
contracted, flofcules in pairs, hirfute; one peduncled, 
with two awns at the top, the middle awn longeft. Root 
annual, capillary. Culms feveral, (lender, from two to 
four inches high. It is found in a dry foil, near Madrid, 
and at the Cape of Good Hope. Introduced here in 1770, 
by Monf. Richard. 
6. Avena fativa, or cultivated oat: panicled, calyxes 
two-feeded, feeds very fmooth, one awned. The cultiva¬ 
ted oat has an annual root. Culm, or draw, two feet 
high and upwards. The two glumes or chaffs of the ca¬ 
lyx are marked with lines, pointed at the end, longer than 
the flower, and unequal. There are ufually two flowers 
and feeds in each calyx : they are alternate, conical, the 
(mailer one is awnlefs, the larger puts forth a firong, two- 
coloured, bent, awn, from the middle of the back ; both 
are cartilaginous and fertile. No botanift has been able 
to afcertain fatisfadlorily the native place of growth of 
