S 6 2 AUG 
Augusta Tre'ba, a town of the j'Equi, near the 
fprings of the river Anio in Italy ; now Trcvi, in Umbria, 
or in the eaft of the Campagnu di Roma. 
Augusta Treviro'rum, a town of the Treviri, a 
people inhabiting between the Rhine and the Meufe, but 
elpecially about the Mofeile ; now Triers, or Treves , in the 
circle of the Lower Rhine on the Mofeile. 
Augusta Vekdelxco'rum, a town of the Licateson 
the Licus; called by Tacitus a noble colony of Rhcelia\ 
now Augsburgk, capital of Suabia. 
Augusta Histo'ria, is the hiftory of the Roman 
emperors from the time of Adrian to Carinus, that is, 
from the year of our Lord 15 7 to 285, compofed by lix 
Latin writers, JE\. Spartianus, Julius Capitolinus, TEA. 
Lampridius, Vulcatius Gallicanus, Trebellius Pollio, and 
Flavius Vopifcus. 
AUGUSTA'LES,yi in Roman antiquity, an epithet gi¬ 
ven to the flamens or priefls appointed to facrifice to A11- 
guftus after his deification ; and alfo to the ludi or games 
celebrated in honour of the fame prince on the fourth of 
the ides of Odtober. 
AUGUSTA'Ll A, f. a feftival inftituted by the Romans 
in honour of Augufttis Ctefar, on his return to Rome, af¬ 
ter having fettled peace in Sicily, Greece, Syria, Alia, and 
Parthia ; on which occafion they likewife built an altar to 
him, inferibed Fortunes rcduci. 
AUGUSTA'LIS PR^FEC'TUS, a title peculiar to 
a Roman magiftrate who governed Egypt, with a power 
much like that of a proconful in other provinces. 
AUGUS'TENBERG, a town of Germany, in the cir¬ 
cle of Upper Saxony, and county of Swartzburg: three 
miles eaft of Arnftadt. 
Augustenberg, a town of Denmark, in the duchy 
©f Slefwick, fix miles eaft of Sonderborg. 
AUGUS'TIN, [ augujlinus , Lat. majeftical, royal.] A 
proper name of men. 
Augustin, or Austin, 'J St.) the firft archbiftiop of 
Canterbury, was originally a monk in the convent of St. 
Andrew at Rome, and educated under St. Gregory, after¬ 
wards pope Gregory I. by whom he was difpatched into 
Britain, with forty other monks, about the year 596, to 
lonvert the Englifti-Saxons to Chriftianity. They landed 
in the i(le of Thanet; and, having lent fome French in¬ 
terpreters to king Ethclbert with an account of their er¬ 
rand, the king gave them leave to convert his fubjefts, 
and ailigned their place of refidence at Dorovernum, fince 
called Canterbury ; to which place they were confined till 
the king himfelf was converted, whole example had a 
powerful influence in promoting the converfion of his fub- 
jedts. He difpatched a prieft and a monk to Rome, to ac¬ 
quaint the pope with the luccefs of his million, and to de¬ 
fire his refoiution of certain queftions. Thefe men brought 
back with them a pall, and leveral books, veftments, uten- 
(ils, and ornaments, for the churches. His holinefs, by 
the fame melfengers, gave Auguftin directions concerning 
the fettling of epifcopal fees in Britain; and ordered him 
not to pull down the idol-temples, but to convert them in¬ 
to Chriftian churches ; only deltroying the idols, and fprink- 
ling the place with holy-water, that the natives, by fre¬ 
quenting the temples they had always been accuftomed to, 
might have the lefs objeftion to the Chriftian faith. Au¬ 
guftin relided principally at Canterbury, which thus be¬ 
came the metropolitan church of England; and, having 
eftablilhed bifliops in feveral cities, he died on the 26th of 
May, 607. The feftival of St. Auguftin was firft injoined 
in a fynod held under Cuthbert archbilhop of Canterbury, 
and afterwards by the pope’s bull in the reign of Edvv. III. 
AUGUS'TINE (St.) an illuftrious father of the church, 
was born at Thagafte, a city of Numidia, 011 the 13th of 
November 354. His father, a burgefs of that city, was 
called Patricius ; and his mother, Monica, who was a wo¬ 
man of great virtue, inftrmfted him in the principles of 
the Chriftian religion. In his early youth he was in the 
rank of the catechumens; and, falling dangeroufly ill, 
earneftly defired to be baptized; but, the violence of his 
AUG 
diftentper ceafing, his baptifm was delayed. His father, 
who was not yet baptized, made him ftudy at Thagafte, 
Madaura, and Carthage. Auguftine, having read Cice¬ 
ro’s philofophy, began to entertain a love for wifdom, and 
applied himfelf to the ftudy of the Scriptures; neverthe* 
lefs, he buffered himfelf to be feduced by the Manicheans. 
At the age of nineteen, he returned to Thagafte, taught 
grammar, and frequented the bar: and lie afterwards 
taught rhetoric at Carthage. The infolence of the fcho- 
lars at Carthage made hint refolve to go to Rome, though 
againft his mother’s will. Here alfo lie had many fcho- 
lars; but, difliking them, he quitted Rome, and fettled at 
Milan, .and was chofen public profelforof rhetoric in that 
city. Here he frequently attended the fermons of St. 
Ambrofe, which determined him to retract! his errors, and 
quit the feet of the Manicheans; this was in the thirty- 
fecond year of his age. In the vacation of the year 386 
lie retired to the houfe of a friend named Verecundus, where 
he ferioufly applied himfelf to the ftudy of the Chriftian 
religion, in order to prepare himfelf for baptifm, which 
he received at Eafter in the year 387. Soon after this, 
his mother came to fee him at Milan, and invited him 
back to Carthage; but, at Qftia, where he went to em¬ 
bark, (lie died. He arrived in Africa about the end of 
the year 388; and, having obtained a garden-plot without 
the walls of the city of Hippo, he alfociated with eleven 
other perfons of eminent fantbity, who diftinguifhed them- 
felves by wearing leathern girdles, and by leading a mo¬ 
nadic life, for the fpace of three years, exercifing them- 
felves in fading, prayer, ftudy, and meditation. From 
hence fprung up the Auguftine friars, or eremites of St. 
Auguftine, being the firft order of mendicants; thofe of 
St. Jerome, the Carmelites, and others, being but branch¬ 
es of that of St. Auguftine. About this time, Valerius 
bifhop of Hippo ordained him prieft: neverthelefs, he 
continued to relide in his little monaftery, with his bre¬ 
thren, who, renouncing all property, poftefted their goods 
in common. Two years after, Valerius, fearing he might 
be preferred to be bifhop of another church, appointed 
him his coajutor or colleague, and caufed him to be or¬ 
dained biihop of Hippo. St. Auguftine died the 28th of 
Auguft, 430, aged feventy-lix, having had the misfortune 
to fee his country invaded by the Vandals, and the city 
where he was biihop befieged for feven months. The 
works of St. Auguftine make ten volumes : the bed edi¬ 
tion is that of Maurin, printed at Antwerp in 1700. They 
are but little read at this time, except by the clergy of the 
Greek church, and in the Spanilh univerfities. 
Augustine (St.) a fort and town of North America, 
on the eaft coaft of Cape Florida, lituated in lat. 30. o. N. 
Ion. 81. 10. W. This colony was fettled by the Spaniards; 
who w’ere fcarcely eftablilhed when they were attacked 
by Sir Francis Drake, in 1586, who reduced and pilla¬ 
ged the fort and town adjacent. In 1665, it met a fimi- 
lar fate, being attacked by captain Davis at the head of a 
confiderable company of buccaneers. In 1702 an attempt 
was made by colonel More to annex St. Auguftine to the 
Britilh dominions. He inverted it with 500 Englifh and 
700 Indians; which fmall force would have been fuffici- 
ent to reduce the place, had not fuccours arrived when it 
was on the point of furrendering. Even then, it is thought 
that he might have defeated the reinforcement; but he 
chofe to raife the liege, and retire with precipitation. In 
1740, another unfuccefsful attempt was made on this fort 
by general Oglethorpe : it was, however, together with 
the whole country of Florida, ceded to Great Britain by 
the treaty of Paris in 1763 ; but has fince been reftored to 
Spain by the treaty of 1783. The town of St. Auguftine 
runs along the ftiore, and is of an oblong form, divided 
by four regular ftreets, croffing each other at right angles. 
At the entrance into the harbour are the north and fouth 
breakers, forming two channels, whole bars, at low tides, 
have eight feet water. 
Augustine, a cape of South America. Lat.8.30.S. 
Ion. 35. 4. W. 
AUGUS'TINS, 
