A U £ 
thcdral, which lias eight dignitaries, twenty canons, and 
the fame number of minor canons. It Hands in the mid¬ 
dle of a large plain, furrounded with mountains, and co¬ 
vered with fruit-trees and vineyards. There is likewife a 
manufacture of cloth. Lat. 40.35. N. Ion. 4. 13. W. 
Avila, a town of South America, in the country of 
Terra Firma, and government of Qmxos. 
Avila, or Aviles, a town of Spain, in Afturia, near 
the bay of Bifcay, nine leagues from Oviedo. 
AVILU',/ [Ind.] An Indian apple. 
AVI'NO, a town of North America, in the province of 
New Gallicia, where the Spaniards have a filvermine, be¬ 
tween Durango and Ellerena. 
AVIO'TH, a town of France, in the department of the 
Meufe, and chief place of a canton, in the ditfricT of Ste- 
nay : three miles north of Montmedy. 
AVIO'RA, a town of Aliatic Turkey, in Caramania, 
fixty miles north-eaft of Tocat. 
A'VIS, a fmall town of Alentejo in Portugal, feated on 
an eminence, with a cattle near the river Avis. Hence the 
military order of the knights of Avis have their name. 
Lat. 38.40. N. Ion. 7.0. W. 
Avis (Knights d’Avis), an order of knighthood in Por¬ 
tugal eftabliftied about the year 1162. When the city of 
Evora was taken from the Moors, in the reign of the firlt 
king of Portugal, it was garrifoned by feveral perfons who 
allitmed the title of knights of St. Mary of Evora, which 
was foon after changed for that of knights d’Avis, which 
the king gave them, and whither they removed from Evo¬ 
ra. The badge of the order is a green crofs flory, and 
they obferve the rule of St. Benedict. 
A'VISE, a town of Piedmont, in the duchy of Aolta, 
on the Grand Doria, eight miles welt of Aolla. 
AVI'SO, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, 
and country of Lavora, lix miles eaft: of Sora. 
A'VISON (Charles), organilt of Newcaftle, and adifci- 
ple of Geminiani, was the author of an Effay on Mufical 
Expreffion, publifhed in 1752, in which are fome judicious 
reflections on nuific in general, but his divifionof the mo¬ 
dern authors into clalfes is rather fanciful than juft. 
Throughout his book he celebrates Marcello and Gemi¬ 
niani ; the latter frequently in prejudice to Mr. Handel. 
In 1753, came out Remarkson Mr. Avifon’s Effay on Mu- 
Heal Expreflion, the author whereof firlt points out fun- 
dry errors againft the rules of compofition in the works of 
Avifon. In the fame year Avifon republifhed his effay, 
with a reply to the author of the remarks; and a letter, 
containing a number of loofe particulars relating to mufic, 
collected in a courfe of various reading, unqueltionably 
written by Dr. Jortin. Avifon promoted and allifted in 
the publication of Marcello’s mufic to the Pfalms adapted 
to Englilh words. Of his own compofition there are ex¬ 
tant five collections of concertos for violins, forty-four in 
number; and two fets of fonatas for the harpfichord and 
two violins, a fpecies of compofition little known in Eng¬ 
land till his time. The mufic of Avifon is light and ele¬ 
gant, but it wants originality; a necelfary confequence of 
his too clofe attachment to the ftyle of Geminiani, which 
in a few particulars only he was able to imitate. He died 
in 1770. 
A'VITOUS, adj. \_avilus, Lat.] Left by a man’s anccf- 
tors ; ancient. 
To AVl'ZE, v. a. [avifer , Fr.] To counfel. Uutofvfe: 
With that, the luifbandman ’gan him avize, 
That it for him was fitted: exercife. Spenjer. 
To confider; to examine : 
No power, he had to ffir, nor will to rife ; 
That, when the careful knight ’gan well avize , 
He lightly left the foe. Fairy Queen. 
Avize, a town of France, in the department of the 
Marne, and chief place of a canton, in the diftrict of Eper- 
nay : fix leagues fouth of Rheims. 
AUK,y. in ornithology. SeeALCA. 
Vol. II. No. 89. 
A U L 
AUK'LAND, or Bishop’s Aukland, a neat clean 
market-town, fituate in a pleafant part of the county of 
Durham, at the diftance of ten miles from the city of 
Durham, ten from Sedgfield, twelve from Darlington, 
fifteen from Barnard cattle, and 251 from London. The 
town is furrounded with feveral parks, and gentlemen’s 
feats, and numberlefs beautiful hills, dales, villages, woods, 
rivers, rivulets, ice. and is remarkable, as well for its dry, 
healthy, and airy, lituation, as for its great cheapnefs and 
goodnefs of all kinds of provilions. Coals here, and all 
the neighbourhood round, are wrought in great abundance. 
The river Wear wattles it on the north, and the river 
Gattnlefs on the eaft, and has its influx into the Wear, at 
a place called Jocks Rout. Its market-day is on Thurfday, 
The fairs for cattle, ftieep, fwine, &c. are on Holy Thurf¬ 
day, Corpus Chrifti, and Thurfday before Old Michael- 
mas-day; hirings for fervants are Thurfday before Old 
May-day and Thurfday before Old Martinmas-day. The 
market-place is a very large open fpacious fquare, and near 
to the centre is an old decayed covered crofs. There is 
an endowed free grammar-fchool, which was re-built in 
the year 1783, and over it waseredted a fmall elegant cha¬ 
pel, at the expence of the inhabitants, by fubfeription, and 
dedicated to St. Ann. What is mod remarkable here, is 
the ancient fair-built palace, belonging to the bifhops of 
this rich fee, with turrets, magnificently repaired by An¬ 
thony Bee : after which, a great part of it was pulled down 
in the grand rebellion, by Sir Arthur Hatterig, who built 
himfelf a houfe out of the materials. At the reftoration, 
bittiop Cofins pulled dovm the new houfe, and built a large 
apartment to what remained of the old one, joining the 
whole to a magnificent chapel of his own erecting, in 
which he lies buried. What remained unfinittied hath 
been carried on, after his laudable example, by fome of 
his fuccelfors, as well for the ornament as convenience of 
the fabric. Here are alfo fpacious gardens, with an ex- 
tenfive park, through which the river Gaunlefs has its 
courfe. The paritti church is fituate in a fmall village, 
about a mile to the fouth, called St. Andrew Aukland, 
or South Church, and was formerly a collegiate church; 
but, in the firft year of the reign of king Edward VI. it 
was dilfolved, and the deanery and prebends, and the re¬ 
venues thereof, vetted in the crown, and is now a perpe¬ 
tual curacy, in the donation of the bittiop of Durham for 
the time being. Contiguous to the weft: end of Biftiop’s 
Aukland is Weft Mill Batts, whereon has lately been 
eredted an entire new manufadtory for printing all kinds 
of callicos, muffins, cottons, &c. To the north-weft is a 
noble bridge, over the Wear, called Newton-bridge, with 
two large arches, built by bittiop Skirlaw, about 1403. 
AUK'WARD. See Awkward. 
AU'LA, or Avo'la, a town of Sicily, in the valley of 
Noto, three miles north-eaft of Noto. 
Aula Re'gis, was a court eftabliftied by William the 
Conqueror in his own hall. It was compofeii of the king’s 
great officers of ftute relident in his palace, who ufually at¬ 
tended on his perlon, and followed him in all his progrel- 
fesand expeditions. Which being found inconvenient and 
burthem'ome, it was enacted by the great charter, c.n, 
that common pleas fhall no longer follow the king’s court, 
hut fhall be holden in fome certain place, which certain 
place was eftabliftied in Weftminfter-hall, the place where 
the aula regis originally fat wdien the king refided in that 
city; and there it hath ever lince continued. Blackft. n. 
Aula ecclefice , was the nave or body of the church, where 
the temporal courts were frequently holden of ancient time. 
AU'LAS, a town of France, in the department of the 
Card, and chief place of a canton, in the diftridt of le 
Vigan, near le Vigan. 
AU'LAX,y. in botany. See Protea. 
AUL'CESTER. See A i.cester. 
AU'LENDORF, a town of Germany, in the circle of 
Suabia-, and barony belonging to a branch of the houfe of 
Konigfegg, fituated on the Schus: eight miles north oft 
Ravenfpurg. Lat. 47.56. N. Ion. 27.16. E. Ferro. 
7 E AULE'TESj 
