515 
A U S 
veiled Leopold, furnanied the Illufrious, with that coun¬ 
try. Otho I. erected Auftria into a marquifate in favour 
of Iiis brother-in-law Leopold, whole defcendant Henry 
II. was created duke of Aliftria by the emperor Frederic 
BarbarofTa. His pofteriry becoming extinCl in 124.0, the 
Hates of the country, in order to defend themfelves from 
the incurfions of the Bavarians and Hungarians, refolved 
to put themfelves under the protection of Henry marquis 
of Mifnia; but Othogar II. king of Bohemia, being like- 
wife invited by a party of the nobles, took polfenion of it, 
alleging not only the invitation of the (fates, but alfo the 
right of his wife, beirel's of Frederic the,lad duke. The 
emperor Rodolphus I. pretending a right to Auflria, re- 
fufed to give Othogar the inveftiture of it; and after¬ 
wards, killing him in a battle, procured the right of it 
to his own family. From this Rodolphus the prefent 
houfe of Auflria is defeended, which for feveral centu¬ 
ries pad has rendered itfelf fo famous and fo powerful, 
having given fifteen emperors to Germany, and fix kings 
to Spain. 
In 1477, Auflria was eredled into an archduchy by the 
emperor Frederic the Pacific, for his fon Maximilian; 
under which denomination it continued till the year 
1804, when the emperor of Germany, Francis II. aflumed 
the title of Emperor of Auflria, thus converting it into an 
hereditary empire; and in 1806, he relinquifhed the title 
of Emperor of Germany.—See the article Germany, 
vol. viii. p. 524. 
Austria (Empire of). The Auflrian dominions, 
®r hereditary lfates of the houfe of Auftria, compre¬ 
hended, before the late war, belides the archduchy of 
Lower Auflria, containing the country on this fide the 
river Ens, fometimes called Lower Auflria, and the 
country beyond the Ens, denominated Upper Auftria, and 
alfo the country called the Inn-Vierrel, or the part taken 
from Bavaria, of which the capital is Branau, the follow¬ 
ing territories; viz. Interior Auftria, including tne 
duchies of Stiria, Carinthia, Carniola, Auflrian Friuli, 
andTriefte; Upper Auftria, or the Tyrolefe ; Anterior 
Auflria, comprising the Brifgaw, Auflrian territories in 
Swabia, Hohenembs, Falkenllein, Langenargen, and 
Tetnang; the kingdom of Bohemia ; the margraviate of 
Moravia; Auflrian Silefia ; Auflrian Netherlands, now in 
poffefiion of the French; Lombardy, including the 
duchies of Milan and of Mantua, now in poffefiion of the 
French; the kingdom of Hungary, and bannate of Te- 
mefwar; Illyricum, including Dalmatia, Croatia, and 
Sclavonia; Tranfylvania; the province of Buckovina, 
annexed to the Auflrian territory in 1777; and the pro¬ 
vinces of Gailicia and Lodomiria, being that part of 
Poland acquired by Auftria in the partitionof 1772. From 
the frontiers of Swiflerland to the utmofl limits of 
Tranfylvania, the length of the Auflrian empire may be 
reckoned at about 760 Britifli miles, and the breadth 
about 520, from the river Bug, which forms a boundary 
between Auftria and Pruflian Poland, to the Save, which 
divides the Auflrian from the Turkifh lovereignty. The 
contents may be about 184,000 fquare miles; and Bot- 
ticher eflimates the inhabitants at 108 to a fquare mile. 
Since he wrote, the populous region of the Netherlands 
has been withdrawn. Towards the eafl, the Auflrian 
dominions border on thofe of Ruflia and Turkey; to the 
north, on thofe of Pruflia, Upper Saxony, Bavaria, from 
which it is leparated by the river Inn, and Swabia; and 
on the utmofl weft are Swiflerland and the Italian flates. 
The original population of thefe extenfive regions is 
various; but chiefly Gothic and Slavonic. The native 
ancient Germans, a Gothic race, form the ruling, moft 
induftrious, and mod important, part of the inhabitants. 
The prefent population of the Auflrian dominions is 
computed at more than 20,000,000 ; that of Hungary, 
Tranfylvania, and the Buckovina, being eftimated at 
4^ millions. Some authors, however, have computed 
the population cf Hungary alone, at 7,000,000; and a 
late author (Mr. Townfon) has confequently fvvelled 
A U T 
the general population of the Auflrian dominions to 
25,000,000; and Pinkerton thinks it reafonable to allow 
23,000,000 as a medial computation of the numbers fub- 
je< 5 t to the Auflrian feeptre. Of the other chief pro¬ 
vinces, Bohemia is fuppofed to hold millions; Mo¬ 
ravia if million ; the afquifitions in Poland, more than 
3 millions; and the archduchy of Auftria, as we have 
already Hated, 1,685,000. The army is computed by 
Boetticher at 365,455 men, in 136 regiments, of which 
46 are German, and only 11 Hungarian. But in the 
fanguinary contefl with France, this army has been greatly 
diminifhed ; and, at prefent, it is fuppofed not to be 
equal to that of Pruflia, eftimated at about 200,000; and 
far lefs than that of Ruflia, which is fuppofed to double 
this number. The whole revenue is computed at more 
than ten millions flerling; to which Auftria contributes 
about three millions; and Hungary a little more than a 
million and a half. The revenue ufed to exceed the 
expences; but the public debt is now fuppofed to fur- 
pafs 40,000,0001. flerling, and the recent wars have oc- 
cafioned great defalcations. 
The prevailing religion of the Auflrian dominions is 
the Roman catholic. However, proteflants of various 
fe£ts are found in Bohemia and Moravia; nor are Lu¬ 
therans unknown at Vienna, though they chiefly abound 
in Tranfylvania; and in Hungary the proteflants are fup¬ 
pofed to be equal in number to the catholics. The 
form of government is an hereditary monarchy, approach¬ 
ing to abfolute power. Hungary, indeed, retains its an* 
cient flates, or rather an ariflocratical fenate ; but as the 
military force is lodged wholly with the fovereign, no 
diftindl kingdom or flare can withfland his will. Auftria 
alfo has its flates, confiding of four orders, clergy, peers, 
knights, and burgefles: the aflembly for Lower Auftria 
being held at Vienna, and that of the Upper at Lintz. 
But thefe local conflitutions can little avail againfl the 
will of a powerful monarch, fupported by a numerous 
army. The laws vary according to the different provin¬ 
ces; and almofl every (late has its peculiar code. (Sec 
Hungary. ) Upon the whole, the laws may be regarded 
as mild and falutary ; and the Andrians in particular are 
a well-regulated and contented people; while the Hun¬ 
garians are often diffatisfied, and retain much of their an¬ 
cient animofity againfl the Germans. 
AUS'TRIAN, adj. Sc f Belonging to Auflria. 
AUS'TRINE, adj. [from aufrinus, Lat.] Southern} 
foutlierly. 
AUS'TROMANCY, f. [aufromantia, Lat.] Properly 
denotes foothfaving, or a vain method of predicting fu¬ 
turity, from obfervations of the winds. 
AUSTRU'MA Semme, in the Courland mythology, 
the land where the fun rifes, which, with refpeCt to 
Courland, was Ruflia; from whence their idolatrous 
priefls fir (l came; they were called Kri/izoe, or Krtwe. 
AUSTUR'CUS, or Osturchus, f, A gofhawk; 
whence we ufually call a falfconer, who keeps that kind 
of hawks, an of ringer. In ancient deeds there has been 
referved, as a rent to the lord, unus aujlurcus. 
AUTA'LES, f. [a corruption of ohruXns from oos;, 
a tooth.] A fhell which refembles a tooth. 
AUTAN'GELIST, f \joUvr<&, himfelf, and 
Gr. a melfenger.] One who is his own meffenger. 
AUTAR'CI A, f. [from ccvto;, himfelf, and to 
fatisfy.] Contentment; eafe of mind. 
AU'TEFAGE, a town of France, in the department 
of the Lot and Garonne, and chief place of a canton, in 
the diftrift of Villeneuve d’Agen, nine miles north-north- 
eaft of Agen. 
AUTENIQUA', an extenfive country of Africa, lying 
to the eafl of the Cape of Good Hope. M. Vaillant, who 
viftted this country in 1782, calls it the moft delightful 
region in the univerfe. It lies between 33030'and 34 0 
50' S. lat. and between 20 0 and 23 0 40' E. Ion. 
AU'TENOW, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of 
Kiov, eighteen miles wefl-fouth-wefl of Bialacerkiew. 
AU'TER 
