B A C 
'nate, at the foot of a mountain called Voitiberg. It is 
fuppofed to have its name corrupted from Bacchi ara, the 
altar of Bacchus. The wine produced in its neighbourhood 
lias been always in great requeft. Baccharach was fo com¬ 
pletely pillaged by the troops of Louis XIV. in 1689, that 
the French commander, the night before he left the town, 
had nothing to lleep on but draw, which was next day 
employed to burn it down : forty-eight miles north of Deux 
Pouts, twenty-three fouth of Coblentz, and ten north- 
weft of Bingen. Lat. 50. 2. N. Ion. 9. 5. E. Ferro. 
BA'CARAT, a town of France, in the department of 
the Meurte, and chief place of a canton, in the diftri£t of 
Luneville, four leagues fouth-eaft of Lunevilie. 
BACAR'DO, a town of Italy, in the (late of Genoa, 
eight miles north-north-eaft of Vintimiglia. 
BAC'CA, or Berry, f. [Blanchard derives it from 
Bacchus, the inventor of wine, which is produced from the 
berry of the vine ; but it feems to be from n 23 baccak, 
Keb.] In botany, is tiled to fignify fuch fruits as confift of 
a pericarpium full of juice and feeds, without any valves. 
BACCALA'RIA.y’. In middle-age writers, denotes a 
kind of country-farms, confiding of feveral manfes. Bac- 
calaria dominicaria, or indominicata , was more particularly 
tiled for a farm belonging to the lord, and kept in his own 
]i(\nds 
B ACCALAU'REUS, f. [of hacca laarea , Lat. a bay- 
berry, becaule anciently they tiled to have their heads 
adorned with a garland of bayberries. ] A bachelor in the 
u niverlity. 
BAC'CATED, adj. [ baccatus , Lat.] Befet with pearls; 
having many berries. 
BAC'CHyE,/i In antiquity, the priedefiesof Bacchus, 
who celebrated the orgia or myfteries of that god, called 
alfo bacchantes, baff'arides, and thyades. The word was alfo 
ufed for the ivy crowns or garlands worn by the prieits of 
Bacchus in offering facrifices to him. 
BACCFIANA'LIAN, /. [from bacchanalia , Lat.] A 
riotous perfon ; a drunkard. 
B AC'CH ANALS, f. Leads celebrated in honour of 
Bacchus by the ancients. The two mod remarkable were 
called the greater and lejfcr. The latter, called lencca, from 
a word fignifying a * wine-prefs,’ were held in the open 
fields about autumn ;. the greater, called Dionyfa, from 
one of the names of Bacchus, were celebrated in the city, 
about the fpring-time. Both thefe feafts were accompa¬ 
nied with games, fpe£tacles, and theatrical reprefentations ; 
and it was at this time the poets contended for the prize 
of poetry. Thofe who were initiated into the celebration 
of thefe feafts, repre Tented, fome Silenus; others Pan; 
others Satyrs; and in this manner appeared in public, 
night and day, counterfeiting drunkennefs, dancing ob- 
fcenely, and committing all kinds of licentioufnefs and de¬ 
bauchery. See the article Bacchus. 
BAOCHAN'TES, thofe women who followed Bacchus, 
in his conqueds of the Indies, and who made great accla¬ 
mations every where to publifli his vidlories. During 
the ceremony of the Bacchanals and the orgies, they ran 
about clad in (kins of tigers, with their hair loofe, and 
with torches and flambeaux in their hands, making fright¬ 
ful cries. Euripides. 
B ACCH A'R 1 S ,_/1 [from Bacchus.] Plough¬ 
man’s Spikenard. In botany, a genus of the clafs fyn- 
genefia, order polygamia fuperflua, natural order of (com- 
pofitas) compound flowers, divifion the third, difeoidete. 
The generic characters are—Calyx : common cylindric, 
imbricate ; feales linear, acute. Corolla : compound 
equal ; corollules hermaphrodite and female mixed ; pro¬ 
per, to the hermaphrodite, funnel-form, five-cleft; to 
the females, fcarcely apparent, almod none. Stamina : 
filaments five, capillary, very fmall; anthers cylindric, 
tubular. Piftillum : germ ovate ; flyle filiform, the length 
of the flower ; fligma bifid. Pericarpium : none ; calyx 
unchanged. Seeds folitary, very fhort, oblong; down 
finiple. Receptaculutu : naked. The down in fome fpe- 
cies is very long; in others fcarcely exceeding the calyx. 
Vol. II. No. 91. 
BAG *gy 
■—EJfential CharaEler. Calyx imbricate, cylindric ; florets 
female mixed with hermaphrodites; down Ample ; recep¬ 
tacle naked. 
Species. 1. Bacchatis ivtefolia, or Peruvian plough¬ 
man’s fpikenatd : leaves lanceolate, longitudinally tooth- 
ferrate. This grows to the height of five or fix feet. The 
female florets with a trifid corolla are very abundant; the 
hermaphrodites of the difk are few and five-cleft. Seeds 
fmall, ovate-oblong, flatted a little; down twice as long as 
the feed, fcarcely toothed. Native of America. It was cul¬ 
tivated in 1696, in the botanic garden atChelfea; and 
flowers in July and Attguft. 
2. Baccharis neriifolia, or oleander-leaved ploughman’s 
fpikenard : leaves lanceolate, ferrate in the upper part 
with one or two toothlets. This has a foft flirubby flalk, 
which rifes to the height of eight or ten feet, putting out 
fide branches toward the top. I.eaves (lift', having a few 
indentures toward their top, and placed without order. 
The flowers are produced at the extremity of the brandies 
in a clofe fpike ; they make little appearance, being of an 
herbaceous colour, and are not fucceeded by feeds in 
England. Linnaeus fays, that it grows to twice the height 
of a man in our gardens ; that the ftetn is rugged .and up¬ 
right, with patulous branches; that the brandies of the 
prefent and pall year are leafy, but that the reft are naked, 
ftreaked, and irregular, from the fears of fallen leaves ; 
that thefe are narrow, acuminate to both ends, ending in 
the petioles, and bent down at the edge. 
3. Baccharis arborea : leaves eliptic-lanceolate, quite 
entire, naked, petioled. Height three feet, trunk the 
thicknefs of the human arm, and the largeft of the genus. 
Leaves a hand-breadth long, and half as wide. Obferved 
in woods, on the illand of Johanna, by Koenig. 
4. Baccharis halimifolia, or fea-pm flane-leaved plough¬ 
man’s fpikenard, or grounfel tree : leaves obovate, emar- 
ginate-crenate in the upper part. This is an herbaceous 
kind of fhrub, fix, feven, or eight, feet high. Leaves many, 
like thofe of goofefoot, but differ, irregularly fet on the 
branches. Flowers crowded, naked, at the end of the 
twigs. Thefe are not very beautiful, but the leaves con¬ 
tinuing green through the year, has occafioned this fhrub 
fo be admitted into many curious gardens. It is a native 
of Virginia and other parts of North America; and flowers 
in OHober. It was cultivated in 1688, by bifhop Compton. 
5. BaccharisDiofcoridis: leaves broad-lanceolate, tooth¬ 
ed, feflile, ftipuled. Stems fhrubby, fix feet high, weak, a 
little hairy, much branching, luxuriant. It is wrongly 
named baccaris of Diofcorides. Loureiro deferibes Hie 
ftem as five feet high, upright and round, with many 
weak brandies ; the leaves as dark-green, fmooth aroma¬ 
tic, ftipuled ; the flowers many, yellow, on terminating 
corymbs. 
6. Baccharis Indica : leaves obovate, toothletted, peti¬ 
oled. Native of Ceyion and the Cape of Good Hope. 
7. Baccharis Brafiliana : leaves obovate, entire, fcab- 
rotis, feflile; veined underneath. Native of Brafil. 
8. Baccharis foetida: leaves lanceolate, ferrate-toothed; 
corymbs leafy. This rifes witli a woody ftem fix or feven 
feet high. The leaves are long, hoary oil their.under fide, 
and have a difagreeable feent when handled. The ftems 
are terminated by loofe corymbs of flowers, which, ap¬ 
pearing late in autumn, are not followed by feeds in this 
country. It is a native of Carolina, and fome other parts 
of North America. 
9. Baccharis Chinenfis : leaves lanceolate, quite entire, 
tomentofe beneath, petioled; peduncles many- flowered, - 
axillary. This is an underllirub, three feet high, upright, 
Ample, round. Leaves alternate, on fliort petioles. Flow¬ 
ers yellow, oblong. Native of China, near Canton. 
Propagation and Culture. The firft fpecies is a manage¬ 
able fhrub. It may be propagated by cuttings, planned 
in a fliady border, during any of the fummer months ; or 
by feeds, fownon a common border in the fpring. Thefe 
feeds ripen well in this country ; and, if permitted to 
fcatter on'the ground, the plants will come up the follow- 
