59 8 B A C 
ing fpring. If is pretty hardy, and will live abroad in 
mild winters, if planted in a warm filiation ; but it is ufu- 
ally kept in the greenhoiife, and placed abroad in fummer j 
it requires much water in warm weather. The fecond 
fort is difficult to propagate, for tjie cuttings with great 
difficulty take root ; and it is very rare,to find (hoots near 
the root to lay down, fo tlfaf in Holland they laydown 
the entire head of young plants, Hitting the (mailer 
branches in the fame manner as is nrabtifed for carnations, 
laying them into the ground and forking each down to 
prevent their riling ; thefe, when duly watered, put out 
roots in one year, when they may be taken off, and plant¬ 
ed in fmall pots filled with light earth, and placed in the 
(hade till they have taken new root; after which they may 
be placed in a (heltered fituation in fnmmer, but in win¬ 
ter in a green-houfe. The fourth and eighth fort may be 
propagated by cuttings, which (hould be planted in April 
or May, upon a ffiady border, and duly watered in dry 
weather, until they have taken root; and, at Michaelmas, 
they will be fit to tranfplant where they are to remain ; 
this will live in the open air, and never is injured by the 
Cold of our ordinary winters, but fevere froft will fome- 
times deftroy it. The other forts are more tender, and 
moftly require the protection of a ftove, but are little 
known in this country. See Athanasia, Chrysocoma, 
and Cony za. 
BACCHAROI'DES, f. in botany. See Conyza. 
BAC'CHI,y. in mechanics, a kind of ancient machines, 
in form of goats, ufed by Jupiter, in his wars againft. the 
giants. Rudbeck defcribes two kinds of bacchi, one made 
like the battering-ram, wherewith Jupiter demolifhed the 
enemy’s fortifications ; the other contrived to call fire out 
of fortified places, from whence the Greeks are conjec¬ 
tured to have framed their idea of chimera. 
BAC'CHIA, f [from /3csk%o?, wine, becaufe it com¬ 
monly proceeds from hard drinking and intemperance.] 
The gutta rofacea, or fiery pimples difperfed about the 
face and nofe. 
BACCHI'AD/E, a Corinthian family, who affirmed 
they were defcended from Bacchia, the daughter of Bac¬ 
chus. They were banitlied, and went to fettle in Sicily. 
Ovid. 
BAC'CHIC,y fomething relating to the ceremonies of 
Bacchus. The celebrated intaglio, called Michael An¬ 
gelo’s ring, is a reprefentation of a bacchic feaft. 
Bacchic Song,^. is fometimes ufed for a chanjon a 
boire, or compofition to infpire jollity. But in a more pro¬ 
per fenfe, it is retrained to a dithyrambic ode or hymn. 
BACCHI'NI (Benediift), a Benediftine monk, and one 
of the moll learned men of his time, was bom at Borgo 
San Domino in 1651; and wrote a number of books in 
Latin and Italian, the moll confiderable of which is a Li¬ 
terary Journal. He died at Bologna in 1721, aged 70. 
BAC'CHIUS, a follower of Ariftoxenus, fuppofed by 
Fabricius to have been tutor to the emperor Marcus An¬ 
toninus, and confequently to have lived about A. C. 140. 
He wrote in Greek a thort introduction to mafic, in dia¬ 
logue, which, with a Latin tranflation thereof, Meibomius 
has publifhed. 
Bacchic s, in ancient poetry, a kind of foot compofed 
of a thort fyllable and two long ones; as the word avarl. 
It takes its name from the god Bacchus, becaufe it fre¬ 
quently entered into the hymns compofed in honour of 
him. The Romans called it cenotrius , tripodius, fallans. 
B AC'CHUS, [Baz^, from ros to vociferate, Heb ] 
In the heathen mythology, the foil of Jupiter and Semele, 
whole birth is related in the following manner : Juno, al¬ 
ways enraged againft the concubines of Jupiter, in order 
to be revenged, counfelled Semele, in the ffiape of an old 
woman, to require of Jupiter, by an inviolable oath, to 
grant her a favour ; and then to afk him to come to her in 
the majefty of a god, as he careffied Juno. Semele ob¬ 
tained her requetl, and would not give it up, though 
warned that the thould be burnt alive, as her mortal na¬ 
ture could not endure the embraces of the god of thunder. 
BAG 
But, however, for fear that Bacchps, of whom (he was 
then big with child, might be burned with her, Jupiter 
opened his thigh, and put him therein, where lie conti¬ 
nued till his mother’s time was accomphffied : after birth 
he was privately put into the hands of Ino his aunt, who 
was to take care of him with the affitlance of theTiyades, 
the Flora;, and the nymphs of Nyfa. When lie was grown 
up, he conquered the Indies ; from whence he patled into 
.Egypt, where he taught lnitbandry to the inhabitants, 
planted the firft vine, and was lienee adored as the god of 
wine. He punitlied Pentheus feverely, becaufe he.oppofed 
his folemnities. He triumphed over all his enemies, and 
overcame all dangers to which the perfecution of Juno con¬ 
tinually expofed him ; for the refentments of that goddefs 
did not only extend to the concubines of Jupiter, but alto 
to their children. Bacchus transformed himlelf into a 
lion to devour the giants, who attempted to fcale heaven, 
and was looked upon, next to Jupiter, as the mod pow¬ 
erful of the gods. He was fometimes reprefented with 
horns on his head, becaufe, when he travelled, he was 
always clothed in the lkin of a goat, an animal which 
they facrifice to him. Sdmetimes lie is painted fitting on 
a tun ; fometimes on a car, drawn by tigers, lynxes, or 
panthers; likevvife often holding a cup in one hand, and 
in the other a thyrfis, that is, a fpear wrapped about with 
ivy or bay leaves. 
Bacchus is feldom named in modern times but as a fen- 
fual encourager of featl and jollity ; but he was regarded 
in a more refpedtable light by the ancients, who vvor- 
(liipped him in different countries under the following ap¬ 
pellations : in Egypt, he was called Ofiris ; in Myfia, Fa - 
naces ; in India, Dionyfius ; Liber, throughout the Roman 
dominions; Adoneus, in Arabia; and Pentheus, by the L11- 
canians. Mythologifts furnitli reafons for all thefe diffe- 
rent names given to the fame god ; which may be feen in 
the fecond volume of Banier’s Mythology. 
It is natural to ftippofe that the Greeks.and Romans, as 
ufual, beftowed upon the Bacchus which they w'orfliipped 
the feveral actions and attributes of the many divinities 
known by that name, and by other equivalent denomina¬ 
tions in different countries. However, antiquity hath only 
diflinguithed two gods under the title*of Bacchus-, viz. 
the fon of Ammon, and the fame as Ofiris ; and the fon 
of Jupiter and Semele, above-mentioned. Diodorus Si¬ 
culus tells us, that Orpheus firft deified the fon of Semele 
by the name of Bacchus, and appointed his ceremonies in 
Greece, in order to render the family of Cadmus, the 
grandfather of the Grecian Bacchus, illtifirious. 
The great Bacchus, according to Sir Ifaac Newton, 
flourithed but one generation before the Argonautic ex¬ 
pedition. This Bacchus, fays Herrnippus, was potent at 
lea, conquered eafiward as far as India, returned in tri¬ 
umph, brought his army over the Flellefpont, conquered 
Thrace, and left mufic, dancing, and poetry, there. And, 
according to Diodorus Siculus, it was the ton of Semele 
who invented farces and theatres, and who firft eftabliftied 
a mulic-fchool, exempting from all military functions fitch 
muficians as difeovered great abilities in their art ; on 
which account, fays the fame author, muficians formed 
into companies have fince irequently enjoyed great privi¬ 
leges. Dr. Burney obterves, that the dithyrambics which 
gave birth to dramatic reprefentations are as ancient as 
the worffiip of Bacchus in Greece ; and there is little doubt 
but that the ceremonies of his myfteries gave rife to the 
pomp and illutions. of the theatre. Many of the moil 
fplendid exhibitions upon the ftage for the entertainment 
of the people of Athens and Rome, being performed upon 
the fefiivals of Bacchus, gave occafion to the calling all 
thofe that were employed in them, whether for tinging, 
dancing, or reciting , fervants of Bacchus. 
Paufanias, in his Attics, fpeaks of a place at Athens 
confecrated to Bacchus theJmger-, thus named, he fays, for 
the fame realon as Apollo is called the chief and conduFlor 
of the mutes. Whence it thould feem that Bacchus was 
regarded by the Athenians not only as the god of vyine, 
but 
