BAG 
but of fong; and it nmft be owned, that his followers, In 
their cups, have been much inclined to Tinging ever fince. 
Indeed we are certain, that in none of the orgies, procef- 
fions, triumphs, and feftivals, inftituted by the ancients to 
the honour and memory of tins prince of bom vivans , mu. 
fic was forgotten,, as may be hill gathered from ancient 
fculpture, where we find not only that- mulicians, male 
and female, regaled him with the lyre,' the flute, and with 
fong ; but that, he was'accompanied by fawns and fatyrs 
playing upon timbrels, cymbals, bagpipes, and horns : 
thefe Suidas calls his minftrels ; and Strabo gives them 
the appellations of Baccki, Silent, Satyri, Bacc/ue, Lena, 
Thyce, Mamiilonts, Naiades, Nymph a, and Tityri. Thele 
reprefentations have furniflied fubjedts for the fineft re¬ 
mains of ancient fculpture ; and t lie molt voluptuous paf- 
fages of ancient poetry are defcriptions of the orgies and 
feltivyls of Bacchus. 
BACCHYLI'DES, a famous Greek poet, was the 
nephew of Simonides, and the cotemporary and rival of 
Pindar. Both fling the victories of Hiero at the public, 
games. Belides odes to athletic viCtors, he was author of 
hove Verfes, Profodies, Dithyrambics, Hymns, Pieans, 
Hyporchem.es, Parthenia, or longs to be. fung by a chorus 
of virgins at feftivals, The chronology of Eulebius pla¬ 
ces ijie birth of Bacchylides in the S2d Olympiad, about 
450 ’years before Chrilt. 
BACCI.'FEROUS, adj. [from bacca, a berry, and Jero, 
to bear, Lat.] Berry-bearing'.— B'accifeious trees are of 
four kinds: i. Such as bear a caliculafe or naked berry ; 
the flower and calyx falling off together, and leaving, the 
berry bare ; as the faflafras trees-. 2. Such as have naked 
monofperntous fruit, that is, containing in it only one 
feed ; as the arbutes. 3. Such as have but polyfpermous 
fruit, that is, containing two or more kernels or feeds 
within it; as the jefmintim, liguftrum. 4. Such as have 
their fruit compofed of many acini, or round foft balls 
fet clofe together like a bunch of grapes ; as the uva ma¬ 
rina. Ray. 
. B ACCIL'LUM, J. [dim. of baculus, Lat. a flick.] A 
troche or fmall odoriferous candle, like a little flick, 
which is burnt to perfume the air, and prevent infection. 
BAC'CIO, or Bac'cius ( Andrew), a celebrated phy- 
fleian of the 16th century, born at St. Elpideo. He prac- 
tifed phylic at Rome with great reputation, and was firft 
phyfician to pope Sixtus V. The mod fcarCe and valua¬ 
ble of his works are, 1. De Thermis. 2. De Naturali 
Vinorum mftoria. 3. De Venenis et Antidotis. 4. De 
Gem mis ac Lapidus Pretiofis. 
Baccio (Fran. Bartolomeo),called BartelemidiS.Marco, 
a celebrated hiflory and portrait painter, was born at Sa- 
vignano, near Florence, in 1469, and was a difciple of 
Cofumo Rofelli ; but his principal knowledge in the art 
was derived from Leonardo da Vinci. He viiited Rome, 
and by the obfervations he made on the antiques, and the 
works of'Raphael, which were then the admiration of the 
world, he was extremely improved, and manifeftecl his 
abilities.by a picture,.of St. Sebattian, which he finifned 
on. his return to Florence. It.was-lo.well defigned, fo 
beautifully coloured, and had fo flrong an impreflion of 
pain and agony, that it was removed from the place where 
It was publicly feen (in the chapel of a convent), for ha¬ 
ving made too flrong an impreflion on the imaginations of 
many women who beheld it. He was very laborious, and 
made nature his perpetual fludy. He is accounted the firft 
inventor of that machine, called, a layman by the artifts, 
and which to this day is in general ufe. Upon that he 
placed his draperies, to obferve with greater exafitnefs 
tbeir natural and more elegant folds. A capital picture 
of the afeenfion, by Baccio, is in the Florentine collection. 
H.e died in 1517. 
BACCPVOROUS, adj. [from bacca , a berry, and voro, 
to devour, Lat.] Devouring berrids. 
BACH, or Bacs, or Batch, or- Batha, a town of 
Lower Hungary, on the north-weft fide of the Danube, 
about four miles from .that river, and twenty from the 
BAG 599 
conflux of the Draveand Danube. It was formerly more 
confiderable than it now is, having been the fee of a bi- 
Ihop, fuft'ragan of Colocza, but united to that fee: it is 
fifty-two milesnorth of Belgrade, arid 106 fouth of Buda. 
Lat. 45.33. N. Ion. 36.45. E. Ferro. 
BACHA'ASH, a fmall ifland among the weflern iflandi 
of Scotland, near the north-eaft coaft of North Vift. 
BACHELE'RI, a town of France, in the department 
of the Dordogne, chief place of a canton, in the diflriCt of 
Martignac, four leagues north of Sarhtt. 
BA'CHE.LOR, f. [This is a word of very uncertain 
etymology, it not being well known vvhat was its original 
fenfe. Junius derives it from (Jainj \oc, foolifh j Menage, 
from bas chevalier, a knight of the lowed rank ; Spelman, 
from baculus, a fluff; Cujas, from buccella, an allowance 
of proVilion. The molt probable derivation feems to be 
from bacca laurus, the berry of a laurel or bay; bachelors 
being young, are of good hopes, like laurels in the berry. 
Dr. Lawrence obferved, that Menage’s etymology is much 
confirmed by the practice in our univerlities calling a Ba¬ 
chelor, Sir. In Latin, haccalaureus.~\ A man unmarried : 
Let finful bachelors their woes deplore, 
Full well they merit all they feel and more. Pope. 
A man w'ho takes his firft degrees at the univerflty in any 
p rote (lion. A knight of the lovveft order. This is afenjd 
now little ufed. 
The Roman cenfors frequently inipofed fines on old ba¬ 
chelors. Dion Halicarhuflus mentions an old conftitution, 
by Which all perfons of full age were obliged fo marry. 
But the 1110ft celebrated law of this kind, was that made 
under A-itgufhiS, called the lex Julia de maritandis ordini- 
bus ; by which bachelors were made incapable of legacies 
or inheritances by will, unlefs from their near relations. 
This brought many to marry, according to Plutarch’s ob- 
fervation, not fo much for the fake of railing heirs to their 
own eftates, as to make themfelves capable of .inheriting 
thofe of other men. The rabbins maintain, that, by the 
laws of Mofes, every body, except fome few particulars, 
is obliged in confcience to marry at twenty years, of age : 
this makes one of their 613 precepts. Hence thofe maxims 
fo frequent among their cafuifts, that .he Who does not 
take the neceflary meafures to leave heirs behind him, is 
not a man, but ought to be reputed a homicide. Lycurgus 
was not more favourable: by. his laws, bachelors are 
branded with infamy, excluded from all offices civil and 
military, and even from the (hows and public fports. At 
certain feafts they were forced to appear, to be expofed to 
the public derifion, and led round the market-place. At 
one of their feafts, the women led them in this condition 
to the altars, where they obliged them to make amende 
honorable to nature, accompanied with a number of blows 
and laflies, with a rod at diferetion. To complete the af¬ 
front, they forced them to fing certain longs compofed in 
their own derifion. The Chriftian religion js .more indul¬ 
gent to the bachelor ftate : the ancient church recom¬ 
mended it in fome circumflances as preferable to, and 
more perfect than, the matrimonial, in the canon law, 
we find injunctions on bachelors,whep arrived at puberty, 
either to marry or to turn monks and pr.ofefs chaftity in 
earneft. In England, there was a tax on bachelors, after 
twenty-five years of age, 12I. 10s. for a duke, a common 
perfon is. by 7 Will. III. 1695. In Er.glafid, they are at 
prefent taxed by ait extra-duty on fervants. 
B ache lo r was a denomination anciently given to thofe 
who had attained to knighthood, but had not a number of 
vaflals fufficient to have their banner carried before them 
in the field of battle ; or, if they were not of the- order of 
bannerets, were not of age to difplay their own banner, but 
obliged to march to batfle under another’s banner. It was 
alfo a title given to young cavaliers, who, having made 
their firft campaign, received the military girdle accord¬ 
ingly. And it ferved- to denominate hint who had over¬ 
come another in a tournament the firft time he ever-en¬ 
gaged. Knights-bachelors were the -ipoft ancient, but the 
• £ loweft 8 
