B A K 
Ba\KEU', a town of European Turkey, in the province 
of Moldavia, (ixty miles fouth-weft of Jalfy. 
BAKE'WELL, a town in the county of Derby, fitua- 
ted near the river Wye. It has a-weeklv market on Fri¬ 
day is twenty-five miles north of Derby, and 151 north 
of London. It Hands in what is called the High Peak, 
and in a healthy fituation, well ftipplied with proviftbns ; 
coals are plentiful, and of a good quality. Here was for- 
merlv a chalybeate bath, 58°, which has been fome time 
converted into a dwelling-houfe. It is a place of great 
refort for anglers, the river Wye producing plenty of trout, 
grayling, &c. 'I he church is elegant, with a lofty fpire 
of great antiquity. A Sunday Ichool is efiabl^iHied here, 
fupportcd by iubfcription. Near the town are feveral 
quarries of ftone, as argillaceous grit, pctrolex, lime-ftone, 
and rotten-ftone. The mines of lead and zinc are nume¬ 
rous in this neighbourhood, and very rich at this time. 
There is a large manufactory of cotton here, belonging to 
Richard Arkwright, Efq. 
Near Bakewell is Chatfworth.—Chatfworth-houfe may 
be laid to have had two or three different founders, who 
liave all improved upon one another in the completion of 
this great defign. The houfe vvas begun on a much nar¬ 
rower plan than it now takes up, by Sir William Caven- 
difit, of Cavendilh in Suffolk, who, by marriage with Eli¬ 
zabeth Hardwicke, relift of Robert Barley, Efq. became 
intitled to a noble fortune in this county. This lady, af¬ 
ter the death of Sir William, married Sir William St. Loe, 
captain of the guard to queen Elizabeth ; and, fourthly, 
George Talbot, earl of Shrewlbury. Sir William died, 
after Having done little more titan building one end of the 
fabric, and laying out the plan of the whole. But iiis lady 
fi.niflied it in the ynagnificent manner in which it appeared 
when it was firft ranked among the wonders of the Peak. 
One thing is obfervable, that the very di fad, vantages. of 
fituation contribute to the beauty of the place, and, by the 
mod exquilite management-, are made Tubfervient to the 
builder’s defign. On the eaft fide, not far diftant, rifes a 
prodigious high mountain, which is fo thick planted with 
beautiful trees, that you only fee a riling wood gradually 
afcending-, as If the trees crouded one above the other to 
admire the ftately pile before them. Upon the top of this 
mountain they dig mill-hones; and here begins a vaft ex¬ 
tended moor, which, for fifteen or fixteen miles together 
due north, has neither hedge, houfe, nor tree, but a wafte 
and howling wildernefs,_ over which, when grangers tra¬ 
vel, it is impoffible to find their way without a guide. No¬ 
thing can be more furprifing of its kind to a traveller, who 
comes from the north, when, after a tedious progrefs thro’ 
fitch a difmal defert, on a fudden the guide brings him to 
this precipice, where he looks dovvn from a com fort le Is, 
barren, and, as lie thought, endlefs, moor, into the moft 
delightful valley, and lees a beautiful palace, adorned with 
•fine gardens. If contraries illuftrate each other, here they 
are feen in the ftrongeft oppofition. On the plain, which 
extends from the t.op of this mountain, is a large body of 
water, which takes up near thirty acres, and, from the 
afcents round it, receives, as into a ciffern, all the water 
that falls ;• which, through pipes, fupplies the cafcades, 
water-works, ponds, and canals, in the gardens. Before 
the weft front of the houfe,. which is the mod: beautiful, 
and where the firft foundrefs built a very auguft portal, 
runs the river Derwent, which, though not many miles 
here from its fource, yet is a rapid river, when, by liafty 
rains, or. the melting of fnows, the hills pour down their 
waters into its channel. Over this river is a ftately ftone 
bridge, with an ancient tower upon it, and in an ill and in 
the river an ancient fabric all of ftone, and built like a 
caftle ; which are the works of the aforefaid foundrefs, 
and fliew the greatnels of the original defign ; but are all, 
except the bridge, eclipfed, as it were, by the modern 
glories of the edifice. The front to the garden is a regu¬ 
lar piece of atchiteflure. The frize under the cornice has 
the motto of the family under it in gilt letters, fo large as 
to- take up the whole fron*-, though the words are only 
B A K % 
two, cavendo tvtvs ; which is no lefs applicable to 
the fituation of the houfe than to the name and creft of 
'the family. The fafties of the fecond ftory are feventeeu 
feet high, of polilhed plate-glafs, each glafs two feet wide ; 
and the wood-work double gilt. Under this front lie the 
gardens, exquifitely fine; and, to make a clear villa or 
profpedt beyond into a flat country, towards Hardwick, 
another feat of the duke of Devonlhire, the late duke (to 
whom thofe things, which others thought impoffible, were 
pradlicable) removed a great mountain that flood in the 
way, and which interrupted the profpeft. In the ufual 
approach to this noble fabric, it prefents itfelf thus : fir ft, 
the river, which, in calm weather, glides gently by ; then 
a venerable walk of trees, where the famous Hobbes ttfed 
often to contemplate; a noble piece of iron-work gates.and 
balufters c-xpofes the front of the houfe and court, termi¬ 
nated at the corners next the road with two large ftone 
pedeftals of Attic work, curioufly adorned with trophies 
of war, and utenfds of all the fciences, ip bafi'o relievo. 
This part of the building is Ionic, the whole being a fquare 
of a Angle order, but every fide of a different model: a 
court in the middle, with a piazza of Doric columns of 
one ftone each, overlaid with prodigious architraves. The 
ftone is of an excellent,fort, veined like marble, hewn out 
of the neighbouring quarries, and ’tumbled down the ad¬ 
jacent hill. In the anti-room to the hall are flat ftor.es of 
fourteen feet fquare, laid upon' the heads of four pillars, 
and fo throughout. In the hall-ftairs, the landing-fteps 
are of the fame dimenfions ; the doors, chimnies, window- 
cafes, flairs, & c. all of marble; the ceilings and walls of 
the apartments charged with paintings of Varrio, and other 
famous hands ; the bath-room all of marble, curioufly 
wrought. The chapel is a fine place ; the altar-end and 
floor marble; the feats and gallery, cedar; the reft of 
the wall and ceiling,, painted. The gardens abound with 
green-houfes, fumtner-houfes, walks, wilderneffes, orange¬ 
ries, with all the proper furniture of flatties, urns, greens, 
&c. with canals, bafons, and water-works, of various 
forms and contrivances; as fea-horfes, drakes, dolphins, 
and other fountains, that throw up the Water. An artifi¬ 
cial willow-tree of copper fpouts dropping water from 
every leaf. A wonderful cafcade, where from a neat 
houfe of ftone, like a temple, out of the mouths of beads, 
pipes, urns, &c. a whole river defeends the Hope of a hill 
a quarter of a mile in length, over fteps, with a terrible 
noife, and broken appearance, till it is loft under-ground; 
fome diftance beyond this, are concealed water-pipes, 
which, by the guide’s turning a cock, are fo contrived as 
to wet you pretty hSndfomely before you are aware, and 
this trick they feldom fail to play off upon ftrangers to 
make them remember Chatfworth ; and it is faid that a 
lady once loft her life by the fright ftie was thrown into 
at the water’s being let off in the place called the Temple, 
before .Ihe had got out of it. Beyond the garden, upon 
the hills, is a park, that over-looked a high and rocky 
mountain. Here are fome ftatues, and other antiquities. 
We Ihould 1 never have done,.were we to lay all that might 
be faid of this auguft palace. But two hiftorical circum- 
ftances in its honour muff not be forgotten, viz. That Mary 
queen of Scots was,for fome time in cuftody in this houfe, 
under the care of the celebrated foundrefs of it. In me¬ 
mory of this royal captive, the new lodgings that are built 
inftead of the old are ftill called the queen of Scots apart¬ 
ment. Mr. Colley Cibber, equally noted for his dramatic 
pieces and his inimitable adtion on the ftage, left upon'the. 
walls of the bowling-green houfe a memorandum of his 
having vifited this fuperb palace ; and humanely deplored 
the fate of this unfortunate queen, in a hand fome compli¬ 
ment upon the princely edifice in the following ii nes ; 
When Scotland’s queen, her native realm expell’d. 
In ancient Chatfworth was a captive held, 
Had there the pile to fuch new charms arriv’d, 
Happier the captive, than the queen, had-liv’d. 
What tears, in pity of her fate, could rile, 
That found the fugitive in paradife ! 
Of 
