-% B A L 
yard about sne-fifth inward from the outer end or yard- 
arm toward the mad. SeeMizEtr. A boom main-fail is 
balanced, after all its reefs are taken in, by rolling up a 
fimilar portion of tiie hindmoft or aftmoft lower corner 
-called tlie clue., and faflening it flrongly to the boom, hav¬ 
ing previoufly wrapped a piece of old canvas round the 
part, to prevent the fail from being fretted by the cord 
which fallens it. 
BALA'NI,/. in natural hiflory, the name of a genus of 
fliell-filli, belonging to the clafsof multivalves, approach¬ 
ing to the fliape of an acorn (pxhxro;), and ufually grow¬ 
ing to the fliclls of the larger fort of fea fliell-filli: they 
are commonly called in Knglilh centre-/hells. It is a com¬ 
mon error to miftake the names of the mtiltivalve fliells fo 
far as to confound the balani and concha anatifcrce, as they 
are called, together; though they be extremely different. 
The balani are found affixed in cinders to a thoufand dif¬ 
ferent fubmarine bodies, fucli as the harder fea-plants, all 
torts of tedaceous and cruffaceous fea-animals, rocks, and 
timber. They may be arranged under the two fub-didinc- 
tions of wide and narrow mouthed, including feveral fpe- 
cies. The final 1 filh which nature has covered with this 
dvell, is of a very admirable drufture. Leuvvenhoek ac¬ 
knowledges, that lie never met with any animal, in which 
fo many objects of wonder lay open to the naked eye as in 
this. It has twelve legs or arms which are crooked, and 
.garniflied with a great number of hairs : thefe twelve they 
elevate on all occafions; and, befides thefe, they have eight 
others, which are much fmaller, and ftand lower. Their 
body is, in all refpects, like that of the concha anatifera. 
ft is cartilaginous and mucous, and of an ill fade. The 
fliell diapes itfelf, at the bafe, to the figure of the furface 
.of whatever it grows to, and Iticks very firmly to it. The 
balanus, in the Linnaean fydein, is a fpecies of the Lepas. 
B ALANI'NUS,/. [from ( 2 ecXaio<;, an acorn.] Belonging 
to or exprefled from a nut or kernel. Oleum balaninum 
■ means the oil of ben. 
B A'LANITES,/ in natural hiftory, a name given by 
the ancients to a ftone, feeming to have been of the fetni- 
pellucid gems. They deferibe two fpecies of it; the one 
of which was yellow, and the other green, but each hav¬ 
ing veins of a flame-colour. Their deferiptions are too 
fliort for us to be able to afeertain what flones, among thofe 
known at this time, they meant. Some think the balajiites 
t j have been the lapis Judaicus, on account of its acorn- 
hke figure and (ize. 
BALANO'PHOR A,/inbotany. See Cynomorium. 
BA'LANOS,/ [from/SaAAw, Gr. to caft; becaufe it 
flieds its fruit upon the ground. More probably from 
rf'N‘2 Heb. proceeding from the oak.] An acorn; or any 
glandiferous tree. A peflary or fiippofitory made like an 
acorn. Alfo the glans penis, from its (hape. 
BALAN'TE, a town of the ifland of Celebes, in the 
country of Bancala. 
BALA'NUS MYREP'SICA. See GuilandiNA. 
B AI.ARUC', a town of France, celebrated for its mi¬ 
neral firings, in the department of the Herault, four leagues 
from Montpellier. 
BALASCHEV', a town of Ruffia, in the government 
of Saratov, on the river Koper: ninety miles well of Sa¬ 
ratov, and 664 louth-eafl of Peterfburgh. Lut.51.55.iM. 
Ion. 61.0. PI. Ferro. 
BALASO'RE, a fea-port town of Hindoflan, in the 
country of Orifla, and a place of condderable trade, litua- 
ted on the river Gongahar, about twenty miles from its 
mouth, in tlie bay' ot Bengal. Ships generally take pilots 
here to conduct them up the Ganges. It is 104 miles fouth- 
weflof Calcutta. Lat.21. 30. N. Ion. 87. 5. E. Greenwich. 
BA'LASS RUBY,/. [ balas, Fr. luppoled to be an In¬ 
dian term.] A kind of ruby .—Balafs ruby is of a crimfon 
colour, witli a cad of purple, and feems bed to anfwer tlie 
deferptiou of the ancients. Woodward 
BALATAM', a volcanic mountain, in the ifland of Su¬ 
matra. 
BALAYAN, a province of the ifland of Lucon, or 
B A L 
Manilla, in the Eafl Indies, belonging to the Spaniards, tt 
lies next to the city of Manilla, and extends along the 
coad on the ead fide of the ifland, a little beyond the bay 
of Batangas. There were formerly gold-mines in it, but 
they have been long flnee abandoned. It is inhabited by 
about 2500 tributary Indians, and abounds in cotton, rice, 
and palm-trees. 
BALBAS'TRO, a town of Spain, in A.rragon, fituated 
on tlie Vero, near its conflux with tlie Cinca, the fee of a 
bifliop, vvhofe diocefe extends over 170 paridies, eight con¬ 
vents, fourteen hermitages, and nineteen holpitals. It is 
forty-feven miles north-wefl of Barcelona, and forty eafl- 
north-ead of Saragofla. 
BALBEC', a city of Ada, fituated on a ridng plain, be¬ 
tween Tripoli in Syria, and Damafcus, at the foot of mount 
Libanus, anciently called Heliopolis, or tlie ‘City of tlie 
Sun;’ and, by the Arabians, the Wonder of Syria. As we 
approach from the fouth we difeover the city only at the 
di dance of a league and a half, behind a plantation of trees, 
over the verdant tops of which appears a white edging of 
domes and minarets. But what principally attracts our 
attention is a large edifice on the left, which, by its lofty 
walls and rich columns, manifeflly appears to have been 
one of thofe magnificent temples, which antiquity has left 
for our admiration. Thefe ruins, which are fome of the 
mod beautiful and bed prelerved of any in Ada, merit a 
particular defeription. 
To give a juft idea of them, we mud fuppofe ourfelves 
defeending from the interior of the town. After having 
eroded the rubbifli and huts with which it is filled, wear- 
rive at a vacant place which appears to have been a fquare ; 
there, in front, towards the welt, we perceive a grand ru¬ 
in, which conlids of two pavilions ornamented with pilas¬ 
ters, joined at their bpttom angle by a wall 1C0 feet in 
length. This front commands the open country from a 
terrace, on tlie edge of which we diflinguifli the bafes of 
twelve columns* which formerly extended from one pavi¬ 
lion to tlie other, and formed a portico. The principal 
gate is obdrufted by heaps of flones; but, that obdacle 
furmounted, we enter an empty fpace, which is an hexa¬ 
gonal court of 180 feet diameter. This court is drewed 
with broken columns, mutilated capitals, and tlie remains 
of piladers, entablatures, and cornices ; around it is a row 
of ruined edifices, which difplay all the ornaments of the 
richeft architecture. At the end of this court, oppodte 
the wed, is an outlet, which formerly was a gate, through 
which we perceive a dill more extendve range of ruins* 
wliofe magnificence flrongly excites curiofity. To have a 
full profpeft of thefe, we mud afeend a dope, up which 
were the fleps to this gate ; and we then arrive at tlie en¬ 
trance of a Square court, much more fpacious than the for¬ 
mer, being 350 feet wide and 336 in length. The eye is 
firfl attraUled by the end of this court, where fix enormous 
and majeflic columns render the feene aflonifliingly grand 
and pidurefque. Another objed not lefs interefling is a 
fecond range of columns to the left, which appear to have 
been part of the peridyle of a temple; but, before we pals 
thither, we cannot refufe particular attention to the edifi¬ 
ces which inclofe this court on each fide. They form a 
fort of gallery which contains various chambers, feven of 
which may be reckoned in each of the principal wings, 
viz. two in a feinicircle and five in an oblong fquare. Tlie 
bottom of thefe apartments dill retains pediments of nich¬ 
es and tabernacles, the fupporters of which are deflroyed. 
On the dde of the court they are open, and prefent only 
four and fix columns totally deflroyed. It is not eafy to 
conceive the life of thefe apartments; but this does not 
diniinifli our admiration at the beauty of their piladers, 
and the richnefs of the frize of the entablature. Neither 
is it polfible to avoid remarking the Angular efl'ed which 
refults from the mixture of the garlands, the large foliage 
of the capitals, and the fculpture of wild plants with 
which they are every where ornamented. In travelling 
the length of the court, we find in the middle a little 
fquare efplanade, where was a pavilion, of which nothing 
remains 
