BAN 
>' BANSWA'RAH, a town of Indoftan, in the country 
cjf Malwah, leventy-five miles W. of Ougein, 105 E.N. E. 
of Amedabad. Lat. 23. 25. N. Ion. 74. 25. E. Greenwich. 
B AN'TAM, a Lea-port town on the north-well part of 
• the illand of java, and capital of a kingdom ; once a flou- 
rithing place, trading with merchants of all nations, be¬ 
fore the Dutch obtained the exclufive trade. The town 
lies low, at the foot of a mountain, and watered by three 
rivers, two of which run round, and the other through, 
the town : the walls are of brick, with cannons placed at 
the angles, and two towers : the gates are not ilrong, the 
town conlifts only of three ftreets, not paved,, but covered 
with coarfe fand : the houfes are furrounded with cocoa- 
trees, they are built with draw and role-wood, fupported 
by carved pillars, and covered with palm-leaves: the pa¬ 
lace is large, but without tade, and without magnificence, 
Before the monopoly by the Dutch, Bantam was a good 
mart for all the commodities of India : they annually ex¬ 
ported three millions pounds of pepper. Lat. 6 . 20. S. 
Ion. 105. 24. E. Greenwich. 
Bantam-work, a kind of painted or carved work, re- 
Lembling that of Japan, only more gaudy. There are 
two forts of bantam, as well as of Japan work. As, in 
the latter, fome are flat, lying even with the black, and 
others high and embofted; fo, in Bantam work, fome are 
flat, and others .in-out, or carved into the wood, as we 
find in many large fkreens: with this difference, that the 
Japan artifts work chiefly in gold and other metals; and 
■thole of Bantam generally in colours, with a fmall fprin- 
kling. of gold. For the carved or in-cut kind, the me¬ 
thod of performing it is thus: The wood is to be primed 
w ith whiting and iize, till near a quarter of an inch thick; 
then it is to water-plained, i. e. rubbed with a fine wet 
cloth, and, fome time after, rubbed very fmooth, the 
blacks laid-on, varnifhed up with a good body, and po- 
lilhed well, though with a gentle hand. This done, the 
dclign is to be traced out with vermillion and gum-water, 
exactly in the manner wherein it is intended to be cut; 
the figures, trees, buildings, &c. in their due proportion: 
then the graver is applied, with other tools, differing' ac¬ 
cording to the workman’s fancy : with thefe he cuts deep 
-or (hallow, as found convenient, but never deeper than 
the whiting lies, t,he wood being never to feel the edge of 
the inftrument. Lines* or parts of the black, are ftill to 
be left for the draperies, and for the diftin< 5 lion of one 
thing from another; the rule being to cut where the white 
is, and leave the black untouched. The colours are then 
laid into the cut-work : after this, the gold is laid in thole 
places where the delign requires; for which purpofe, a 
Ilrong thick gum-arabic water is laid with a pencil on the 
work ; and, while this remains wet, leaf-gold is cut with 
a (harp fmooth-edged knife, ffiaped to the bignefs and fi¬ 
gure of the places were they are to be laid. Thefe, being 
■taken up with a little cotton, are prelfed clofe to the gum- 
water, which affords a rich luftre. The work tlius finifft- 
ed, they clear up the black with oil, taking care not to 
touch the colours- The European workmen ufc brafs- 
duft inftead of gold, which is lefs bright and beautiful, 
B AN'TELN, a town of Germany, in the circle of Low¬ 
er Saxony, and principality of Caleaberg. In it is a va¬ 
luable carpet manufacture. 
To BAN'TER, v. a. [a barbarous word, without ety. 
Biology, .unlefs it be derived from badiner , Fr.j To play 
upon;-to rally; to turn to ridicule; to ridicule.—-It is 
no new thing for innocent llmplicity to be the fubje6l ef 
bantering drolls. L' Ff range. 
Banter , f. Ridicule; raillery.—Metaphyfics are fo 
neceflary to a diftinCt conception, folid judgment, and juft 
reafoning on many fubjefts* that thofe, who ridicule it, 
will be fuppofed to make their wit and banter a refuge and 
excufe for their own lazinefs. IVatts. 
BAN'TERER,yi One that banters; a droll,—What 
opinion have thefe religious banterers of the divine power? 
„or what have they to fay for their mockery and contempt r 
JL'lft range. 
-VOL. If. No. 37. 
B A P € V 
ANT'LING, /. [If it.has arc etymology, it isperliap* 
corrupted from the old- word bairn, baimling .] A little 
child : a low word, 
BANTON', or Bat. ax, one of the fmaller Philippine 
i (lands. 
B ANT'RY, a town of Ireland, in the county of Cork, 
lituated on the eaff Coaft of a bay,"to which it gives name, 
on the .fouth coaft of Ireland, about twenty-four miles ;rt 
length, and four in breadth : which lately attracted no¬ 
tice, in confequence of the French coming up and anchor¬ 
ing there, attempting to land a'body of troops, in January, 
1797. It is forty miles fo nth-we ft of Cork, and thirty-fix 
weft of Kinfale. 
B AN'U B, a town of Egypt, fifty-two miles weft-north- 
weft of Mbnfora. 
BAN'VILI.E, a town of France, in the department of 
the Calyados, three leagues north-north-weft of Caen, and 
two and three quarters eaff of Bayeux. 
B AN'ZA, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of Congo, 
now called St, Salvador, 
BANZ'KOW, a town of 'Germany, in the circle of 
Lower Saxony, and county of Schwerin. 
BAOBAB', f. The name given by Profper Alpinus to 
the African calabafli-tree, lince called Ad ansonia. See 
that article. 
BAOL, or Baui., a kingdom of Africa, in the coun¬ 
try of Senegal, about eighty leagues long, and twenty- 
four wide. 
B AOOM', or A pooni, one of the new difeovered iflands 
in the Southern Pacific Ocean. Lat. 16. 26, S. Ion. 186. 
17. W. Greenwich. 
BAONS' (Lcs), a town of France,In the department of 
the Lower Seine, two leagues and a half N. of Caudebec. 
BAPAU'ME, a town of France, and principal place of 
a diftrift, in the Straits of Calais. It contains about 4509 
inhabitants: three polls fouth of Arras, and nineteen and 
a quarter north of Paris. 
BAP'TLE, the priefts of Cotytto, the goddefs of un- 
cleannefs; fo called becaufe they bathed themfelves in the 
moll effeminate manner. 
BAPTA'CA, a town of North America, in the coun¬ 
try of New Navarre, forty-five miles eall-fouth-eafl of 
Gafa Grand. 
BAP'TISMy. [from (3a7f!i£o,of#«7rlo, to dip, or wafh.jj 
An external ablution of the body, with a certain form of 
words, which operates and denotes an internal ablution op 
waffling of the foul from original fin. Baptifin is known, 
in ecclefiaftical writers, by divers other names and titles. 
Sometimes it is called palingencfia, or ‘ laver of regenera¬ 
tion fometimesyez/ui, or ‘ life and falvation ; fometimes 
cr<poa,yi$, fign.acv.luM Domini , and fgnacitlum fidei, or ‘ the 
Leal of faith ;’ fometimes abfohitely myfedum and Jacra- 
rnentmi ; fometimes { the Lacrament of faith ;’ fometimes 
viaticum, from its being adminiftered to departing perfons3 
fometimes faccrdothm laid , or ‘ the lay priefthood,’ be¬ 
caufe allowed, in cafes of necefiity, to be conferred by- 
laymen ; fometimes it is called tlve great drcumcifon, be¬ 
caufe it was imagined to fttcceed in the room of circum- 
ciiioa, and to be a feal of the Chriftian covenant, as that? 
was the feal of the covenant made with Abraham : fo, in 
regard that baptifm had Chrift for its author,"and not 
man, it was anciently known by the name of Aa^ov and 
yjr.rp ‘the gift of the Lord:’ fometimes it was 
limply .called without any oth.er addition, by way 
.of eminence, bccaufe it was both a gratuitous and lingu¬ 
lar gift of Chrift : in reference to the making men com¬ 
plete members of Chrift’s body, the church, it had the' 
name of TaAsfi-o-i;, and reXeir,, tlte ‘ confecration and con- 
fummation ; becaufe it gave men the perfection of Chrif- 
•tians, and a right to partake of the Ta TeXtiov, which was 
the Lord’s Supper ‘ it had alf'o the name of and ^ v - 
vxywyici, tlie initiation, becaufe it was the admittance of 
men to all the facred rites and myfteries of the Chriftian 
religion. 
S P 
Raptifjjj 
