BAR 
Nicetas makes them Germans; a miftake cafy to be made 
at that didance, conude ring the relation the Anglo-Sax¬ 
ons bore to Germany. There were barangi as early as the 
emperor Michael Paphlagpmus, in the year 1035, as a P* 
pears 1'rom Cedrenus; but they were then only common 
(oldiers, not a life-guard. Their commander was called 
as importing a perfon who always followed the 
emperor. 
BARANIL'LO, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of 
Naples, and comtat of Molife, nine miles fouth-fouth-ea(l 
of Molife. 
BARANOW', a town of Poland, in the palatinate of 
Sandomir, fix teen miles fouth of Sandomir. 
BARANOVV'KA, a town of Poland, in the palatinate 
of Volhynia, forty miles north-north-eaft of Conftantinow. 
BARANWAHR', a town of,Lower Hungary, in a 
county of the fame name, taken by the emperor of Ger¬ 
many from the Turks in 1684. It is feated between Bu- 
da and Belgrade, in lat. 46. o. N. Ion. 20. 5. E, 
BARANZA'NO, a celebrated Italian philosopher, and 
mathematical writer, died in France in 1622. 
BARA'O, a town of Spain, in Arragon, two leagues 
from Jaca. 
BARAS'ZE, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of 
Volhynia, thirty-fix miles north-north-weft of Zytomiers. 
BARATHRUM, f Gr. from ns2 a well, 
and ir.K Heb. a place.] Any cavity or hollow place. It 
was alfo the name of a deep dark pit at Athens, into which 
condemned perfons were call headlong. It had fharp 
fpikes at the top, that no man might efcape out; and o- 
thers at the bottom, to pierce and torment fuch as were 
caft in. Its depth and capacioufnefs made it to be applied 
proverbially to a covetous perfon : to a glutton, called ba- 
rathro by Lucretius, and barathrum, in the fame fenfe, by 
Horace; and for a common proftitute, by Plautus. 
BARATIER' (John Philip), a mod extraordinary in- 
ftance of the early and rapid exertion of mental faculties. 
This furprifing genius was the fon of Francis Baratier, 
minifter of the French church at Sclnvobach near Nurem¬ 
berg, where he was born January 10, 1721. The French 
was his mother-tongue, with fome words of High Dutch ; 
and, by means of his father infenfibly talking Latin to him, 
it became as familiar to him as the reft: fo that, without 
knowing the rules of grammar, he at four years of age 
talked French to his mother, Latin to his father, and High 
Dutch to the maid and neighbouring children, without 
mixing or confounding the refpeftive languages. About 
the middle of his fifth year he acquired Greek in like man¬ 
ner; fo that in fifteen months lie perfectly underftood all 
the Greek books in the Old and New Teftament, which he 
tranflated into Latin. When five years and eight months 
old, he entered upon Hebrew ; and in three years more 
was fo expert in the Hebrew text, that, from a Bible with¬ 
out points, he could give the fenfe of the original in La¬ 
tin or Frencli; or tranflate extempore the Latin or French 
verfions into Hebrew. He compofed a diftionary of rare 
and difficult Hebrew words; and, about his tenth year, 
amufed himfelf. for twelve months with the rabinical wri¬ 
ters. With tliefe be intermixed.a knowledge of the Chal- 
daic, Syriac, and Arabic ; and acquired a tafte for divinity 
and ecclefiaftical antiquity, by Undying the Greek fathers 
of the firft four ages of the church. In the midft of thefe 
occupations, a pair of globes coming into his pofleffion, he 
could in eight or ten days refolve all the problems on them ; 
and, in January 1735, he devifed his project for the dife-o- 
very of the longitude, which he communicated to tlie 
Royal Society of London, and the Royal Academy of Sci¬ 
ences at Berlin. In June 1731, he was matriculated in 
the univerfity of Alftorf; and, at the clofe of 1732, he 
was prefented by his father at the meeting of the reform¬ 
ed churches of the circle of Franconia; who, aftoniflied 
at his wonderful talents, admitted him to aflift in the de¬ 
liberations of the fynod ; and, to preferve the memory of 
fo lingular an event, it was regiftered in their acts. I11 
1734, the maregrave of Brandenburgh Anfpach granted 
Vol. II. No. 98. 
B ~A R 70? 
this young fcholar a penlion of fifty florins ; and, his fa¬ 
ther receiving a call to the French church at Stetin in Po¬ 
merania, young Baratier was, on the journey, admitted 
mafter of arts. At Berlin he was honoured with feveral 
converfations with the king of Pruftia, and was received 
into the royal academy. Towards the clofe of his life he 
acquired a confiderable tafte for medals, inferiptions, and 
antiquities; metaphyfical inquiries, and experimental phi- 
lofophy. He wrote feveral eflays and diflertations ; made 
aftronomical remarks, and laborious calculations; took 
great pains towards a hiftory of the herefies of the anti-1 ri- 
nitarians, and.of the thirty years war in Germany: his 
laft publication, which appeared in 1740, was on the fuc- 
ceifion ol the biftiops of Rome. The final work he en¬ 
gaged in, and-for which lie had gathered large materials, 
was Inquiries concerning the Egyptian Antiquities. But 
the fubftance of this blazing meteor was now almoft ex- 
haufted : he was always weak and fickly ; and died Octo¬ 
ber the 5th, 1740, aged nineteen years eight months and 
fixteen days. He publithed eleven different pieces, and 
left twenty-fix manuferipts on various lubjefts, the con¬ 
tents of which may be feen in his life written by M. For- 
mey profeflbr of philofophy at Berlin. 
BARAT'Z (Turki(h),yi letters-patent granted by the 
Turkifli emperors to the Greek patriarch biftiops, for the 
exercife of their ecclefiaftical functions. This baratz gives 
the biftiops full power and authority to eftablifli and de- 
pofe the inferior clergy, and all other religious perfons ; 
to grant licences for marriages, and iffue out divorces ; to 
colleft the revenues belonging to the churches; to receive 
the pious legacies bequeathed to them; in fhort, to enjoy 
all the privileges and advantages belonging to their high 
ftation : and all this (as it is exprefied in the baratz itfelf) 
“according to the vain and idle ceremonies of the Chrif- 
tians.” 
BARAVEL', one of the Ladrone ifiands. Xat. 12.44. 
N. Ion. 142. 28. E. Greenwich. 
BARAVO'E, a bay and village, on the north-eaftcoaft 
of the ifland of Shetland. 
BARAWNAY', a town of Hindoftan, in the Candeifh 
country, forty-five miles north-eaft of Burampour, and fe- 
venty-four fouth-fouth-eaft of Indore. 
BARB,yi \_barba, Lat. a beard.] Any thing that grows 
in the place of a beard.—The barbel is fo called, by rea- 
fon of the barb or wattels at his mouth, or under his chaps. 
Walton .— The points that ftand backward in an arrow, or 
fifhing-hook, to hinder them from being exfrafted: 
Nor lefs the Spartan fear’d, before he found 
The Ihining barb appear above the wound. Pope. 
The armour for horfes.—Their horfes were naked, vvitli- 
out any barbs ; for, albeit many brought barbs, few regard¬ 
ed to put them on. Hayward. 
Barb,A [contracted from Barbary. ] A Barbary horfe. 
—Horfes brought from Barbary, are commonly of a (len¬ 
der light fize, and very lean, ufually chofen for ftallions. 
Barbs, it is (aid, may die, but never grow old; the vigour 
and mettle of barbs never ceafe but with their life. Far¬ 
rier's DiElionary. 
To Barb, v. a. To (have; to drefs out the beard.— 
Shave the head, and tie the beard, and fay it was the de- 
fire of the penitent to be fo barbed before his death. Shake/. 
To furnifli hor(es with armour: 
On barbed deeds they rode, in proud array, 
Thick as the college of the bees in May. Dry den. 
To jag arrows with hooks : 
The twanging bows 
Send fliow’rs of (hafts, that on their barbed points 
Alternate ruin bear. Phillips. 
B AR'BA,_/i [from barbarus, Lat. becaufe wild nations 
are ufually unlhaven ; bard, Sax. barf, Welfii.] The beard. 
Alfo the four Idler claws of the polypus, from its repre¬ 
fen ting a beard. Some vegetables have the fpeciftc name 
of barba, whofe ramifications are bulky like a beard ; as, 
* R bar bn 
