BAR 
was published at Rome, adorned with beautiful figure*, 
in 1640, by Frederic Ubaldini : he prefixed the author’s 
life ; and, as there are in the poem many obfolete words, 
be added a gloffary to explain them, which illuSlrates tire 
fenfe by the authority of contemporary poets. 
BARBERl'NO, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Tuf- 
fany, fituated on a mountain, fixteen miles fouth of Flo¬ 
rence. 
Bar3erino, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Tuf- 
cany, at the foot of the Apennines, on the fide of the ri¬ 
ver Sieve, four miles weft of Scarperia. 
BAR'BERRY,A in botany. See Berberis. 
BARBRSIEUX', a town of France, and principal place 
of a diftridl in the department of the Charente. It had 
formerly a cattle, which was destroyed by the Englifh. 
Near it is a medicinal fpring : five ports fouth-fouth-weft 
of Angoulefme, and Sixty-three and a half Sonth-fouth- 
weft of Paris. Lat. 45.. 28. N. Ion. 17. 31. E. Ferro. 
BARBESUL', anciently a town and river of Boetica, 
.and a colony in the refort of the Conventus Gaditanus in 
Spain, now Marbdla in Grenada. 
BAR'BET,A in natural hiftory, a name given by M. 
Reaumur, and other of the French writers, to a peculiar 
fpcciesof the w orms which feed on the pucerons or aphides. 
See Aphis. 
BAR'BETS, the name of the inhabitants of feveral val¬ 
leys in Piedmont, particularly thofe of Lucern, Angrona, 
Perufa, and St. Martin. 
BARBEYRAC' (John), was born at Befiers, in Lan¬ 
guedoc, in 1674. He was made profeflor of law and hif¬ 
tory at Lufanne in 1710 : which lie enjoyed for leven 
years, and during that period was three times rebtor: in 
1717, he was profeflor of public and private law at Gron¬ 
ingen. He translated into French the two celebrated works 
of Puffendorf, his Law of Nature and Nations, and his 
Duties of a Man and a Citizen ; to both which he added 
excellent notes, and to the former, an introductory pre¬ 
face. He alfo translated Grotius’s treatife De Jure Belli 
ac Pacts, with large and excellent notes ; and feveral of 
Tillotfon’s fermons; and he wrote a work intitled Traite 
de Jen, 2 vols. 8vo. 
BAR'BICAN. See Barracan. 
BAR'BICANAGE, f. \_barbicanagiwn, I.at.] Money 
given for the maintainance of a barbican or watch-tower ; 
.or a tribute towards the repairing or building a bulwark. 
17Edw.HI. Monajlicum, tom. i. p. 976. 
BARBIE'Rl, (Giovanni Francefco), otherwife called 
Guercino de Cento, an eminent historical painter, was born 
at Cento, near Bologna, in 1590. At firrt he was the dif- 
ciple of Benedetto Genari ; but he afterwards Studied in 
the fchool of the Caracci, though he did not adopt tlve 
manner of that famous academy. He preferred the Style 
of Caravaggio to that-of Guido or Albano, imagining it 
impoSTible to imitate nature without the afliftance of Strong 
lights and Strong Shadows ; and, from that principle, his 
light was admitted into his painting-room from above. In 
efreCt, by the opposition of his rtrong lights and Shades, he 
gave Such force to his pictures, that few, except thofe of 
Caravaggio, can rtand near them, and not Teem feeble in 
their effect: however, that manner is cenfnred, becaufe 
by it objeCts appear as if they were feen by candle-light, or 
by the brightnefs of a fun-bean), whicli alone can justify 
the deepneS's of his Shadowing. The principal attention 
of Guercino feems to have been perfection in colouring ; ' 
as if he were convinced, that few are qualified to difeern 
the elevation of thought, which constitutes the excellence 
of a compofition ; few may be touched with the grandeur 
or beauty of the defign, or perhaps have a capacity to 
examine even the correCtnefs of any part of a painting; 
yet every eye, and every imperfeCt judge of a picture, may 
be SenSibly alfeCted by the force and beauty of the colour¬ 
ing. His tarte of defign was natural, eafy, and often grand, 
-but without any extraordinary Share of elevation, correct¬ 
ness, or elegance. The air of his heads often want dignity, 
and his local colours want truth : .yet in all hi 3 pictures 
Yol. IL No. 98. 
there is a powerful and expreffive imitation of life, which 
will for ever render them estimable. Towards the decline 
of life, lie obferved that the clearer ;md brighter flyle of 
Guido and Albano had attracted the admiration of all Eu¬ 
rope; and-therefore lie altered his manner, even again ft 
his own judgment. But he apologized for that conduCt, 
by declaring that formerly he painted for fame, and to 
pleafe the judicious ; but now he painted fo'pleaSc the ig¬ 
norant, and enrich himfelf. He died in 1666. The mofc 
capital performance of Guercino is the history of S. Pe- 
tronilla, which is considered as one of the principal orna¬ 
ments of St. Peter’s at Rome. 
B.arbieri (Paolo Antonio), da Centor, painter of Still 
life and animals, was the brother of Guercino, born at 
Cento, in 1596. His fubjeCts were fruit, flowers, infeCts, 
and animals ; which he painted after nature with a lively 
tint, great tendernefs of pencil, and a Strong character of 
truth and life. He died in 1640. 
B ARBPGEROUS, adj. \barbam sevens, Lat.] Having 
a beard, bearded. 
BARBIL'LONS, f. in the natural hiftory of infeCts, 
are certain bodies, ufually two in number, placed under 
the creature’s head, and moveable at pleafure, fomewliat 
refembling hands or fingers placed on a Short or broken- 
arm. The word is a diminutive of the French barbe, beard. 
BARB'ING,/! is fometimes ufed in ancient Statutes for 
Sheering. Cloth is not to be exported till it be barbed, 
rowed, and Shorn. 3 Hen. VII. c. 11. 
BAR'BITOS, or Bareiton,A An ancient instrument 
of m'ufic, mounted with three, others fay feven, Strings,; 
much ufed by Sappho and Alcaeus, whence it is alfo de¬ 
nominated lejboum. The barbitos is Paid to have differed, 
from the lyre and cithara; but wherein the precife diffe¬ 
rence lay, does not appear. Strabo makes it the fame 
with the fambuca. It is represented as yielding a grave, 
deep, found, and, on that account, peculiarly fitted t r 
Doric compositions. Anacreon is faid to be the inventor 
of the barbitos. 
B AR'BLES, or Barbs,A in farriery, the knots of fo- 
perfluous fleSIi that grow up in the channels of a hcuTe’s 
mouth; that is, in the intervals that Separate the bars, 
and lie under the tongue. Thefe, which are alfo called 
barbes, obtain in black cattle as well as liorfes, and ob- 
ftruCl their eating. For the cure, they cart the heart, 
take hold of his tongue, and clip off the barbies with * 
pair of fciSIars, or cut them with a Sharp knife; others 
choofe to burn them off with a hot iron. 
BARBO'NI,A in ichthyology, a name given by many 
to the mullits barbatus, a filh greatly efteemed at table, and 
caught in the Mediterranean, and fome other feas. 
BARBON'NE, a town of France, in the department of 
the Marne, and chief place of a canton, in the diftridt of 
Sezanne, one league and a half fouth of Sezanne. 
BARBO'SA (Auguftine), a celebrated canon and civil 
law author, of Spain, died in 1645. 
BARBOTl'NE,A a feed, otlienvife ca\\ed JemenJanto* 
nicum, and Jcmen contra vermes, in English, wormfeed. 
BARBOUR' (John), archdeacon of Aberdeen, was ait 
elegant poet in the reign of David I. He wrote th’e-hif¬ 
tory of Robert Bruce, in an heroic poem, (till extant, 
and which contains many fads and anecdotes omitted by 
other hiftorians,.' The lateft edition of this book is that 
of Glafgow, printed in 1672. It is intitled, “ The Adts 
and Life of the moSt vidtorious Conqueror Robert Bruce 
King of Scotland ; wherein alfo are contained the martial 
deeds of the valiant princes Edward Bruce, Sir James 
Dowglas, Earl Thomas Randal, Walter Steward, &c.” 
In one pallage, he calls it a romance ; but that word was 
then of good reputation : every body knows that the ‘ Ro- 
mant of romants’ has been innocently applied to true hifi. 
tory, as well as the ‘ Ballad of ballads’ to a Sacred Song. 
BARBU'DA, one of the Caribbee islands, about (even 
leagues long, and four leagues wide : was planted foon 
after the English fettled upon St. Chriftopher’s, and called 
Duicena t from it’s beautiful appearance; the land lies low, 
8 T but 
