714 BAR 
but it is fertile, and the inhabitants are chiefly employed 
in breeding cattle, fheep, kids, fowls, and other dock, 
which they difpofe of to the neighbouring iflands; they 
likewife cultivate citrons, pomegranates, oranges, raiiins, 
Indian figs, maize, cocoa-nuts, pine-apples, pepper, in¬ 
digo, &c. There are feveral fpecies of ferpents, fome of 
which are harmlefs, and fome exceedingly venomous : the 
ifland has no harbour, but a weil-lheltered road on the weft 
fide. Lat. 27. 50. N. Ion. 61.50. W. Greenwich. 
BAR'BULJE, /. [dim. of barba, Lat. a beard.] In 
botany, a name given by Pliny to the JtmijloJcvla. 
B AR'BY, a lordfliip of Germany, in the circle of Up¬ 
per Saxony, of fmall extent. It had anciently its parti¬ 
cular counts, but from the failure of heirs it came to the 
elector of Saxony : it is at this time a bailiwick, and makes 
part of the circle of Wittenberg, being given .1748 and 
1765 to the count of Reufus, and the Society of United 
Brethren, or Moravians. 
Barby, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper 
Saxony, fituated on the Elbe, near the mouth of the Saale, 
where there is a Moravian academy, for the iuftruttion of 
youth : fourteen miles north-weft of Defiau, and fourteen 
fouth-fouth-eafl of Magdeburg. Lat. 51. 37..N. Ion. 29. 
37. E. Ferro. 
BAR'BYLA, f. in botany, a name by which Theocri¬ 
tus, and other of the early writers, have called the com¬ 
mon da-mark prune. 
BAR'CA, a country of Africa, part of Barbary, lying 
to the weft of Egypt, anciently called lybia, at prefent 
belonging'to the Turks, and governed by a fangiac, de¬ 
pendant on the bafliaw, who refides at Tripoli. The cli¬ 
mate is very unequal ; along the coafts the land is fertile, 
and well peopled. The chief towns are Derna, the capi¬ 
tal and relidence.of the fangiac, Tolomata, and Grena, or 
Curen. The interior part is a dry fandy defert; on which 
account the Arabs call it Sahart, or Ccyart Barba, that is, 
the defert or road of whirlwinds or hurricanes. It la¬ 
bours under a great fcarcity of water ; and except in the 
neighbourhood of towns and villages, where the ground 
produces fmall quantities of millet and maize, the reft is 
in a manner barren .and uncultivated, or, to fpeak more 
properly, unculrivable : and even of tliat Email quantity 
which thofe fpots produce, the poor inhabitants are oblig¬ 
ed to exchange fome part with their indigent neighbours, 
for dates, iheep, and camels, which they ftand in ftill 
greater need of, by reafon of their fcarcity of grafs and 
other proper food ; for want of which, thofe cattle that 
are brought to them feldom thrive or live long. In this 
country was erefted the famed temple of Jupiter Ammon ; 
and, notwithstanding the pleafantnefs of the fpot where it 
flood, this part is faid to have been the moft dangerous of 
any, being furrounded with fuch quick and burning lands 
as are very dangerous to travellers ; not only as they fink 
under their feet, but being light, and heated by the fun, 
are eafily railed by every breath of wind ; which, if it 
chances to be in their faces, almoft blinds and ftifles them ; 
or, if vehement, often overwhelms whole caravans. Againft 
this temple Cambyfes king of Perfia difpatthed an army 
of 50,000 men. They fet out from Thebes in Upper 
Egypt, and under the conduct of proper guides reached 
the city of Oafis, feven days journey from that place : but 
what was their fate afterwards is uncertain ; for they never 
returned either to Egypt or to their own country. The 
Ammonians informed Herodotus, that, after the army had 
entered the fandy defert which lies beyond Oafis, a violent 
wind began to blow from the fouth at the time of their 
dinner, and railed the land in fuch tremendous clouds, 
that the whole army was overwhelmed and buried alive. 
Jn this defert dwell fome of the moft abjeft tribes of the 
wandering Arabs, called Bedouins. By them this defolate 
trart was fii ft inhabited. At their firft coming in, they 
■ lettled themfelves in one of the belt places of the country ; 
but as they multiplied, and had frequent wars with one 
another, the itrongeft drove the weakeft out of the beft 
fpots, and lent them to wander in the defert parts, where 
BAR 
they live in the moft miferable manner. Hence it is that 
they are faid to be the uglieft of all the Arabs : their bo¬ 
dies having fcarcelv any thing but (kin and bone,' their 
faces meagre, and their looks fierce and ravenous. They 
are expert and refolute robbers, on which their livelihood 
chiefly depends. Thofe that fall into their hands are made 
to drink plenty of warm milk : then they hang them up 
by the feet, and fliake them, in order to make them vo¬ 
mit up any money they think they have (wallowed; after 
which, they ftrip them of all their clothes ; yet with alt 
this inhumanity, they generally fpare their life. For the 
hiftory of this lingular people, fee the article Bedouins. 
B a R C a - lo n g a , f. A large Spanifh fi filing-boar, navi¬ 
gated with lug-fails, and having two or three malts. Thefe 
are very common in the Mediterranean. 
3 ’ARCALON', f. An appellation given to the prime 
minifter of the king of Siam. The barcalon has in his de¬ 
partment every thing relating to commerce, both at home 
and abroad. He is likewife fuperintendant of the king’s 
magazines. 
BARCA'RIUM,yi \_barcaria, Lat.] A Iheep-cote, and 
fometimes ufed for a fheep-walk. MS. de Placit. Edw. III. 
BARCARO'TA, a town of Spain, in Eftramadura, 
four miles from Almendral. 
BARCELO'NA, a city and fea-port of Spain, capital 
of Catalonia, and fee of a hilltop, fuffragan of the arch- 
bifttop of Taragon.t ; it is faid to have been built by the 
Carthagenian Hamilcar, the father of Hannibal, 250 years 
before Chrift, and is now one of the largeft and handiomelt 
cities in Spain : its population is in proportion to its fize, 
and the induftry of the inhabitants far exceeds that of other 
parts of Spain. It is built in the form of a femicircle, 
on the bank of the fea, in a large plain, and is divided into 
Old and New Town, feparated from each other by a wall, 
and the whole defended by thick walls, baliions, horn- 
works, large and lofty ramparts, and deep ditches ; with 
a citadel built on a mountain called Montjoui\ it is how¬ 
ever too-extenlive to be eafily guarded and defended, on 
which account it has alw-ays been taken when attacked. In 
the year 1640, the Catalans, having lhaken off the yoke 
of the Spaniards, called in the French, who continued 
mailers of Barcelona till 1652, when it was retaken during 
the civil .wars of France, after a fiege of fifteen months. 
In 1697, it was again taken by the French, under the com¬ 
mand of the duke de Vendome, and reftored the fame 
year by the peace of Ryfwick. Notwithllanding the in¬ 
habitants of Barcelona took the oath of fidelity to the king 
of Spain, Philip V. in perfon, and received from him a 
confirmation of their privileges, they invited the Englifti 
and Dutch, and the governor was obliged to furrender up 
the town in 1705, when Charles, afterwards emperor, 
was received and proclaimed king. The year following, 
Philip, aflifted by the French, alfailed the town, and took 
the fortrefs of Montjoui; but, the fleet of the allies coming 
to the fuccour of the befieged, he was compelled to aban¬ 
don the enterprize, and retire, May 12th, 1706. By the 
treaty of Utrecht, in 17x3, the troops of the emperor 
evacuated Catalonia, but the inhabitants of Barcelona per- 
fifted in their revolt, and would not acknowledge Philip 
for their king ; they fuffered a blockade fora year, which 
was followed by a terrible bombardment, and in fine, af¬ 
ter a fiege of (ixty-two days, from the opening of the 
trenches by the duke of Berwick, the town was taken by 
aflault the nth of September, 17x4. By the moderation 
of the conqueror, the town was faved from pillage, but 
the privileges of the inhabitants were taken away ; thefe 
however have fince been re-eftabliftted ; but a citadel was 
erefted in 1715, to keep them in awe. Barcelona contains 
feveral fine edifices ; that called the Terfana, or the arie- 
nal, is of vaft extent ; a prodigious gallery, containing 
twenty-eight forges, has been erefted in it within a few 
years. The cathedral, the church of Notre Dame, the 
exchange, bifhop’s palace, the palace of the governor, of 
the inquifition, &c. are all magnificent. About twenty 
years ago, a very large cannon foundery was eftablilhed in 
