> B A 
tliicknefs, fo that, if the bark happens to be thinner in 
any one particular part of one layer than the reft, a piece 
that is fo.mewhat thicker is picked out to be laid over in 
the next. In this (fate it remains till the morning, when, 
a great part of the water which it contained being either 
drained ott' or evaporated, the feveral fibres adhere toge¬ 
ther, fo as that the whole may be railed from the ground 
in one piece'. It is then laid upon the frnooth fide of a long 
piece of wood prepared for the purpofe, and beaten with 
a fquare wooden club, having each of its four lides or 
faces marked, length-ways, with fmall grooves, or fur¬ 
rows, of different degrees of finenefs; thofe on one fide be¬ 
ing of a width and depth fufficient to receive a finall pack¬ 
thread, and the others'finer in a regular gradation, lo that 
the lad are not more than equal to fewing filk. They beat 
if fird with the coarfed fide of this mallet; it fpreaus very 
fad under the drokes, chiefly however in the breadth, and 
the grooves in the mallet mark it with the appearance of 
threads ; it is fucceflively beatenwith the other /ides, and 
laft with the fined, when it is til for tile. Of-this cloth 
there are feveral forts, of different degrees of finenefs, in 
proportion as it is more or lets beaten. The other cloth 
alfo differs in proportion as it is beaten : bu.t they are un¬ 
like each other in confequence of the different materials of 
which they are made. The bark of the bread-fruit is not 
taken till the trees are confiderably longer and thicker than 
thofe of the mulberry; the procefs afterwards is the fame. 
Of the bark of a tree they call poerou, the Hibifcus tiliaceus 
of Linnaeus, they manufacture excellent matting ; a coarfe 
fort which ferves them to deep upon, and a finer to wear 
in wet weather. Of the fame bark they alfo makes ropes 
and lines, from the fize of a fmall pack-thread to the tliick- 
nefs of an inch. 
Bark, Angujlura, [Angvjfurce Cortex .] This bark was 
fird imported in the year 1788, and was fuppofed to be 
the production of a tree on the coad of Africa ; but is now 
found to come from the Spanilh main. Dr. Bruce pro¬ 
nounced it to be the bark of a tree called tuooginos, by 
which he was cured of the dyfentery, in Abyllinia; and 
having brought over fome feeds, and planted them in Xew 
gardens, their product he calls Brucea antidyfenterica, vel 
Jebruginea. See Brucea. But, in the Medical Commen- 
nientaries of Edinburgh, 1790, they are, on comparifon, 
proved to be very different. This bark is much of the 
fame colour and tliicknefs as the candla aromatica, and pow¬ 
ders very freely. It is a powerful bitter, joined with an 
fitoma, not much more pungent than cafcarilla, having a 
portion of pure oil, which approaches in its nature to cam¬ 
phor. It feems alfo to poffefs a narcotic principle ; hence 
it differs from the Peruvian bark ; and has been confidered 
mote powerful than it, both as a tonic and antifeptic ; the 
virtues redde more in its gummy than refinous extraft ; 
but is dill more powerful having both diffolved, which 
warm water effeffs, extracting alfo the oily portion; hence 
it is bed prepared by infufion. The difeafes in which this 
medicine has been employed are thofe in which the Peru¬ 
vian bark has been ufeful. In intermittents, it is not al¬ 
ways fnperior; fometimes inferior; in low fevers, and 
thofe of the putrid kind, it has feemed fuperior. In head- 
achs, attended with fever, but arifing from the fiomach ; 
in dyfentery and dyfpepfia, it has been of great lervice. 
From various experiments that have been made, the An- 
gufi ura bark feems to claim the high eft rank as an anti¬ 
feptic. An extraCt is made in the following manner: 
Take four ounces of the Anguftura bark, put .it into a 
flannel bag of a conical fhape, pour upon this boiling wa¬ 
ter ; and repeat it till the filtering liquor lias but little 
tafte or colour. Let this be evaporated by a gentle heat, 
there w ill remain 13 drachms and 20 grains of extract, of 
the full flavour of the bark, containing two drachms of re¬ 
finous matter. See Brande’s Experiments and Obferva- 
tior.s on Anguftura Bark. 
BARK,y. in navigation, denotes a little veffel for the 
fea, ufually with pointed or triangular fails, in number 
two, or three, at the mod. . The term is ufually appro- 
Vol. II. No. 99. 
R IC. 725 
priated by feamen to thofe fmall flilps which carry three 
mads without a mizen top-fail. Our northern mariners in 
the coal-trade apply the term to a broad-derned diip, 
which carries no ornamental figure on the dern or prow. 
The word is derived by fome from the Latin barca ; by 
Fournier, from Barce, a city in Africa ; and by Toletanus, 
from Barcelona. Some authors life the word bark for any 
veffel that has no mads. Of barks, there are various 
kinds, didinguidied by different names, as, a bilander ; a-. 
Jaik ; a Jettr. ; a Jkuit ; a Jnaul ; a friouhe. 
Bark, armed, a kind of fire-fkip filled with foldiers, 
ttfed both for making fallies, and to attack galleries, and. 
bar the paffage over them. 
Bark-binding, f. A didemper incident to trees; cur¬ 
ed by flitting tlie bark, or cutting along the grain. 
Bark-galling, f. is when the trees are galled with 
thorns, 6 c c. It is cured by binding clay on the galled places. 
Bark, Indian , [Thuris cortex. ] A medicinal bark, brought 
from the ead, rolled up like cinnamon, of a rudy colour, 
a warm aromatic bitter tade, and pleafant finell ; fome-' 
times ufed in fumigation in convulfive difeafes. 
Bark-mills. See Mill. 
Bark, Peruvian, or Jefuit's bark, is the rind of the cin¬ 
chona officinalis, a large and dately tree, that grows along 
the ddes of the mountains in Peru. As a medicine, it has 
been long and judly celebrated ; and feems not only fuited 
to the cure of intermittents, but to that date of fibre on 
which all rigidly periodical difeafes feem to depend. Nor is 
its life of lefs importance in continued fevers; attention be¬ 
ing paid to keep the bowels in a proper date, and to pro¬ 
mote when neceffary the evacuation of redundant bile. In 
the confluent fmall-pox, it promotes a proper fuppuration' 
in the puflules, dimini (lies the fever through its whole courfe, 
and corrects pntrefcence and the difpofition to gangrene. In 
ulcerated fore throats it is ufed with extraordinary fuccefs, 
as it is alfo externally and internally in every fpecies of gan¬ 
grene. In all thofe hemorrhages called paffive, and which 
it is allowed all hemorrhages are very apt to become, and 
likewife in other increafed difeharges which tend to debi¬ 
litate the patient, it is much employed ; and in certain un¬ 
defined cafes of htemoptyfis, fome allege that it is remark- 
bly effectual when joined with fome of the mineral acids. 
It is allb ufed for obviating the difpofition to nervous and 
convulfive difeafes, as it greatly leflens the irritability of 
the fyflem ; and fome have great confidence in it joined 
with the acid of vitriol, in cafes of plithifics, fcrophula, 
ill-conditioned ulcers, rickets, feurvy, and in promoting 
the recovery of convalefcents. For particulars of the dif- 
covery, growth, preparation, and further medicinal pro¬ 
perties, of this bark, fee Cinchona. 
Water- Barks, y. Are little veffels ufed in Holland for 
the carriage of frefh-water to places where it is wanting, 
as well as for the fetching fea-water to make fait. They 
have a deck, and arc filled with water up to the deck. 
To Bark, v. n. \_bcorcan, Sax.jj To make the noife which 
a dog makes when he threatens or purfues : 
Sent before my time 
Into this breathing world, fcarce half made up, 
And that fo lamely and unfalhionably, 
That dogs bark at me. Shakejpeare. 
To clamour at; to purfue with reproaches: 
Who dares patronage 
The envious barking of your fancy torgue ? Shakejpeare. 
“ To bark at the moon,” or “to bark where one cannot 
bite.” French, Aboyer a la lune. The defign of this pro¬ 
verb is to expofe the folly of thofe, who are given to threat¬ 
en or rail at their fuperiors, or thofe who are out of their 
reach, to as little purpofe as it is for a dog to pretend ta 
infult or terrify the moon by barking. 
“ Barking dogs feldom bite.” Fr. Tout chien qui aboyt 
ne mord pas. Lat. Canes timidi vehementius latrant quam mor¬ 
dent. Ital. Can chi abbaia non morde. H. Ger. Ein bellcn- 
der band beijjet nicht leickt. All which imply, that hutting, 
heCtoring, bouncing, fellows, who are eve quarrelling and 
8 Y inful ting. 
