730 BAR 
for the purpofe of beating or threfhingout coni and grain. 
In the year 1706, Mr. John Upton, of Petvvorth, Suffex, 
received a premium of thirty guineas, from the London 
Society of Arts and Manufactures, for his,invention of a 
moveable barn-floor, which promifes to be of great utility. 
The floor confifts of two large leaves, that turn upon hin¬ 
ges on each fide the floor-way; and, when let down, join 
in the middle, retting on moveable timbers placed to re¬ 
ceive them. The vibration afforded by this contrivance 
gives a much greater fpring to the flail, and alfifts the 
threflier exceedingly ; by which means the corn is more 
thoroughly threflved out than on the common floors. But 
the greateft advantage is, that, in harveft-time, during, the 
holding of the corn, the leaves are turned up on each 
fide, and, the bearing timbers, or rafters being removed, 
the loaded waggons, are drawn into the barnona gravel or 
(tone foundation formed beneath. Thus, the threlhing- 
fioor receives no injury from the treading of the horles, 
and the weight of the load ; confequently, the, ftrength of 
timber required, as well as the wear, is much lels than 
when the floor is fixed, and the team is drawn over it. 
At certain feafons, when the leaves are turned up, it may 
alfo be ufed as a (table, ox-ftall, hovel, or cart-houfe; and, 
w hen the leaves are down, as it is hollow under, and af¬ 
fords eafy accefs to dogs and cats, it Can harbour no ver¬ 
min. Wherever it is the cuffom to draw loaded,Carriages 
into barns, (a practice which is declining in the north of 
England,) and efpecially in countries where 1 mall barns 
and (mail floors are in ule, this will be found a very va¬ 
luable improvement. 
BAIUN A BAS, or Barn'a by, [«. 3 }*d Syr. of 13 a foil, 
and, according to Jerome, N'3; a prophet, the. office of a 
prophet being put for sonfolation; i. e, the fun of confo- 
lation.] A proper name of men. 
St. Barnabas’s Day, a feftival, celebrated on the nth 
of June. St. Barnabas was.born at Cyprus, and defceitded 
of the tribe of Levi, whofe Jewifh anceftors are thought 
to have retired thither to fecure themfelves from violence 
during the troublefome times in Judea. His proper name 
was Jofes ; to which, after his converfion to Chriftianity, 
■the apoffles added that of Barnabas, fignitying either the 
‘ foil of prophecy,’ or the ‘ fon of confolation ;’ the firft 
refpefting his eminent prophetic gifts, the other his great 
charity in felling his elfafe for the .comfort and relief of 
the poor Chriftians. The time of his converfion is uncer¬ 
tain ; but he is generally efteemed one of the feventy dif- 
ciples cliofeh by our Saviour himfelf. At Antioch, St. 
Paul and St. Barnabas had a conteft, which ended in their 
feparation: but what followed it with refpe^t to St. Bar¬ 
nabas is not related in the Adts of the Apoffles. Some 
fay, he went into Italy, and founded a church at Milan. 
At'Salamis, we are told, he fuftered martyrdom; whither 
feme Jews, being come out of Syria, fet upon him, as he 
was difputing in the fynagogue, and (toned him to death, 
lie was buried, by his kinfman Mark, in a cave near the 
c iy. The remains of iiis body are faid to have been dif- 
covered in the reign of the emperor Zeno, together with 
a copy of St. Matthew’s gofpel, written with his own 
hand, and lying on his breaft. 
Sc. Barnabas’s Epistle, an apocryphal work afcri- 
bed to St. Barnabas, and frequently cited by St. Clement 
of Alexandria, and Origen. It was firff publiflied in 
Greek, from a copy of father Hugh Menard, a Benedic¬ 
tine monk. An ancient verfion of it was found in a manu- 
feript of the abbey of Coebey, near a thoufand years old. 
Voflius publiflied it, in the year 1656, together with the 
epiftles of St. Ignatius. 
St. Barnabas’s Gospel, another apocryphal work, 
aferibed to St. Barnabas, wherein the hiftory of Jefus 
Chriff is related in a manner very different from the ac¬ 
count given by the four Evangeliffs. The Mahometans 
have this gofpel in Arabic, and it corrcfponds very well 
with thofe traditions which Mahomet followed in his Ko¬ 
ran. Jt was, probably, a forgery of fome nominal Chrif- 
B A R 
tians; and afterwards altered and interpolated by the Ma¬ 
hometans, the better to ferve their purpofe. 
BAIUNAB 1 TES, a religious order, founded in the 
16th century by three Italian gentlemen, who had been 
advifed by a famous preacher of thofe days to read care¬ 
fully the epiftles of St. Paul. Hence they were called 
Clerks of St. Paul-, and Barnabitcs, becaufe they performed 
their firff exercife in a church of St. Barnabas at Milan, 
Their habit is black; and their office is to inftru'Cl, cate- 
cliife, and ferve in miffion to diffant countries. 
BAR'NACH, a frnall illand near the weft coaff of Ire¬ 
land, fituated iii Black Sod Bay. 
BAR'N ACLE,yi [probably of beam, a child, and aac y 
Sax. an oak.] A kind of fliell-filli that grow upon timber 
that lies in the lea. A bird like a goofe, fabuloufly ftlp- 
pofed tq.grovv on trees.—It is beyond even mi atheift’s cre¬ 
dulity and impudence, to affirm, that the firft men might 
grow upon trees, as the ftory goes. about barnacles ; or 
might be the lice of fome vaft prodigious animals, whofe 
lpecies is now extinCt. Bentley. —An inftrunient made com¬ 
monly of iron for the ufe of farriers, to hold a horfe by 
the nofe, to hinder him from ftruggling when an incilion 
is made. 
B ARNADE'SIA,yi [fo named by Mutis, from Mi¬ 
chael Barnades, a Spanifh botaniff.] In botany, agenusof 
the chlfs fyngenelia, order polygamia cequalis, natural or¬ 
der comppfftae dilcoidese. The generic characters are—• 
Calyx: common, fomewhat ventricofe, fpreading at the 
tip, imbricate; feales numerous, gradually longer from 
bale to tip; the inferior or exterior ovate, clolely imbri¬ 
cate, fliarp, pungent; the fuperior or interior fubulate, 
flat, fpreading, pungent. Corolla: compound, rayed; 
corollets hermaphrodite, tubular, very few (three or four), 
remote, in the di(k; ligulate, in a Ample feries, in the ray ; 
proper to the former funnel-form, the tube very fliort, 
having a liairy five-parted border with parts ereCt and con¬ 
verging; proper to the latter ligulate, lanceolate, fpread¬ 
ing at the bale, incurved at the tip, and f pi it, being out. 
wardly very hairy, and having the tube longer than the 
calyx. Stamina: filaments five; : iuher:e cylindric, tu¬ 
bular. Piffilium : germ ovate; flylefiliform, longer than 
the ffamens; ftigma bifid; clefts fpreading, ovate-round¬ 
ed. Pericarpium: none; calyx converging. Seeds: ve¬ 
ry many, ovate, hairy; hairs rev erfed; down of the flow¬ 
ers of the difk briftly ; rays fubulate, ffift', broken back¬ 
wards, naked, or covered with extremely minute hairs; 
of the radial flowers long, eredt, fpreading, niany-rayed, 
feathery, foft. Receptaculum: fl^t, villofe, without 
chaff.— EJJcntial Chara&er. Calyx naked, imbricate, pun¬ 
gent. Corolla radiate; down of the ray feathered; of 
the dilk briftly, broken backwards. 
Only one lpecies, barnadefia fpinofa. This is a ftirub, 
with very fmooth branches, fet with a pair of thorns, at 
their origin, which at firft were ftipules ; they are patu¬ 
lous, brown, and fmooth. Leaves alternate, dimple, ovate, 
quite entire, fliarp, flat, veined, fomewhat hairy on both 
Tides, whitifli underneath. Petioles very fliort. Stipules 
in pairs, frnall, fubulate. Flowers panicled, terminating. 
Calyx pubefeent. The flower is lingular in having two 
forts of down. Native of South America, v\here it was 
found by Mutis. 
BAR'NARD (Sir John), was in the year 1722 chofen 
one of the reprefentatives in parliament for the city of 
London, a trim which he continued to enjoy during the 
fix fucceeding parliaments, and which lie always difehar- 
ged with equal integrity and ability. In 1727, he wascho¬ 
fen alderman of Dowgate Ward, and the next year pre¬ 
pared and prefented to the commons a bill for the better 
regulation and government of feamen in the merchant fer- 
vice. In the debate upon the famous excife-fcheme pro¬ 
jected by Sir Robert Walpole in 1733, Sir John fliewed 
himfelf not more zealous for the trade of his country 
than for the honour of thole by whom it was principally 
conducted, and made fo ftrenuous an oppolition to this un¬ 
popular 
