by the nearer hills. In the depth of the vale, by the 
brink of the river, other parts of the town prefent theni- 
f'elves. On the other hand, the village of Startforth, with 
the pleafant feat of George Fielding, Rfq. and the little 
vicarage, are feen, whilft the back ground is thickened 
with wood, mingled in a beautiful manner with cottages, 
•fuperior to which, the ancient hofpita'ole tnanfion of the 
Maires of Larthi'ngton fliews its white front, furmounted 
with the hills of Hunderthw.aite and Lunedale. The ru¬ 
ins of Athelftan Abbey are near the river; the walls are 
much difunited, and juft ferve to diftinguifti that their 
original form was a crofs. The eaft window remains per¬ 
fect. Here are no monuments or inferiptions. Authors 
have difagreed greatly about the foundation of this place; 
fome by miftake attributing it to Gilbert de le Leya, others 
to Ranulphus de Moulton, and again others to'Conon earl 
of Richmond. It is probable, from its name, that it was 
founded by Athelftan, in propitiation for his crimes againft 
his brother, at or near the time he founded Middleton and 
Michelnefs in Dorfet on that occafton; he was touched 
with fuch remorfe, that in one of thefe religious houfes he 
underwent a (even years penance. A little beyond this 
abbey is the fine bridge of one arch lately built over the 
river 'l ees, by Mr. Merritt: this ftrufture, arifing from 
rocks on each fide of the river, lias a ftriking appearance ; 
the arch is feventy eight feet fix inches in fpan, and its 
elevation above the furface of the river is 58 feet 1 inch. 
B ARNA'SNE, mountains of Ireland, in the county of 
Kerry, eight miles fouth-weft of Killarney. 
BARNA'VE (M.) was one of the mod confpicuous and 
able members of the firft national or conftituent aflembly 
at Paris, in 1789, at the beginning of the late revolution. 
He was a native of the city of Grenoble, and an advocate 
in the parliament. He was, while running his career, no 
jnore than twenty-feven years of age. It would be im-. 
pofiible for us, in the compafs of this article, to do com¬ 
plete juftice to the character of this extraordinary young 
man: his hiftory wholly includes that of the firft years of 
the revolution. It will fuffice for our purpofe, to make 
a feleftion of the moft important fafts in which he was 
the chief actor. On the famous 20th of June, 1789, when 
the national aflembly met in the tennis-court at Verfailles, 
Barnave exhibited, for the firft time, his powers of mind 
and eloquence, in a fpeech, the objeft of which was to 
prove, that there exifted in the king’s council an intention 
to diflblve the ftates-general, and that the aflembly ought 
to take an oath never to leparate, until the objects of their 
million were completely attained. On the 24th of the 
fame month, he moved, contrary to the king’s exprefs 
order, that the fittings of the aflembly Ihould be made 
public; it being Angular that the nation fliould be refil¬ 
led admittance into the national aflembly. He was the 
chief author of the law which was enabled, in October 
1789, that no bankrupt, or infolvent debtor, fliould be¬ 
come a member of any municipality, or of the provincial 
and national aflemblies. Barnave was perpetually upon 
the ftage during the whole of 1790. In the fitting of the 
12th of March, he was the member who moved for the 
fuppreffion of the religious orders : “ What I propofe is 
not for our own benefit (faid he, with his ufual eloquence), 
it is for the benefit of the religious perfons themfelves; 
it is not we, but they, who ftand in need of that freedom 
which they have fo imprudently alienated. We ought to 
abolifli thofe reftraints, even though we fliould be lofers 
by our condudt: I am not propofing a financial operation, 
but a moral and political arrangement.” The fitting of 
the 22d of June was wholly occupied by Barnave, in op- 
pofition to Mirabeau, on the queftion of the power to be 
delegated to the king of making war and peace: his fpeech- 
@s on this occafion are efteemed the belt which he ever 
made. He was a fteady promoter-of the emancipation of 
the negroes in the French .colonies; and, having carried 
bis point, lie wrote fome inftrudtions on the beft mode of 
convoking the colonial aflemblies. His condudt, howe¬ 
ver, in this affair, was. highly difapproved by the French 
t 
BAR 
politicians, who imagined, that an unbounded liberty to 
the negroes would be fatal to the Weft Indies. Barnave, 
like the greater part of the conftituents, w as attached to 
a limited monarchy. He was appointed by the national 
aflembly, jointly with Latcur-Maubourg, and Petion, to 
meet the king and royal family, when returning to Paris 
after their flight to Varenties. The three deputies were 
feated in the fame carriage with the king and queen ; and 
it was obvious, that both the king and queen beftowed 
upon Barnave fo marked a degree of preference, as great¬ 
ly to exafperate the others. This flattering conduit of 
the royal family, aided by the winning addrefsof the queen, 
and the affeiting point of view in which they appeared, 
had the efleit of converting Barnave to their iiitereft. In 
the fubfequent druggies, therefore, he lent his fupport to 
the king’s party with fo much energy and fuccefs, that he 
obtained a decree of oblivion for the difhonoutable con¬ 
duit of the court in that affair. 
Upon the conclufion of the feflion of the national aflem¬ 
bly, Barnave was appointed, by his countrymen, mayor of 
Grenoble. He likewife married the only daughter of a 
confeillcr des aides, of the fame city, with a dowry of 700,000 
livres. He did not, however, long enjoy his dignity or 
fortune. In the year 1794, when a perfecutiori was begun 
by the terrorifts, againft all thofe who w ere conftituents, 
or conftdered as well-affeited to monarchy, Barnave was 
feized by the revolutionary committee of Grenoble, and 
transferred to the bloody and unfparing tribunal of Du¬ 
mas, in Paris. His behaviour, during his mock trial, was 
refolute and highly intrepid. On the queftion of the pre- 
ftdent, Why he became a royalift ? he anfwered, “ 1 was 
the moft zealous advocate of freedom fo long as it was 
founded upon the principles of philofophy ; but I deteft 
it, as a tool of mifenief, in the hands of fuch mifereants 
as you.” This great man was deftined to the guillotine 
on April 12, 1794, in the thirty-third year of his age. 
BARNAUL', a town of Siberia, on the weft fide of the 
Oby, too miles fouth-foiith-eaft of Kolivan. 
BARNE'RA, a fmall ifland of Scotland, near the weft 
coaft of Lewis, feparated from the main land by a ftrait, 
called Loch Barnerd, about a mile wide, Lat. 58. 25. N. 
Ion. 7. 3. W. Greenwich. 
BARNES (Jofliua), profeflor of the Greek language at 
Cambridge, to which office lie was chofen in 1695. His 
firft publication was a w himfical tract, intitled, Gerania; 
or a new Difcovery of the little People called Pygmies. 
After that appeared his Life of Edward III. In the year 
1700, Mrs. Mafon, of Hemingford, in Huntingdonfhire, 
a widow lady of fortune, came to Cambridge, and deft red 
to fettle iool. a-year upon him ; which he politely refufed, 
unlefs ftie would condefcend to make him happy with her 
perfon, which was not very engaging. The lady was too 
obliging to refufe any thing to Jofhua, for whom ftie laid, 
“ the fun flood Hilland they were accordingly married. 
Mr. Barnes wrote feveral other books, viz. Sacred Po¬ 
ems; The Life of Oliver Cromwell; feveral dramatic 
pieces ; A Poetical Paraphrafe on the Hiftory of Efther, 
in Greek verfe; and he publilhed editions of Euripides, 
Anacreon, and Homer, with notes and a.Latin tranflation. 
He was of fo humane a difpofition, that he gave his only 
coat to a vagrant begging at his door. This excellent mas 
died the 3d of Auguft, 1*712, in his fifty-eighth year. 
BAR'NET, a pleafant town, partly in Herts and partly 
in Middlefex, eleven miles north-weft of London, on the 
great northern road. It is called High Barnet, from its 
fituation on a hill; and Chipping or Cheaping Barnet, from 
its market, which was granted by Henry II. to the monks 
of St. Alban’s, and is famous for cattle. At the tvvelve- 
mile-ftone beyond the town, Hands a high ftone, ereflecl 
in memory of the battle fought on that fpot, on the 14th 
of April, 1471, between Edward IV. and Guy earl of 
Warwick, in which the noble earl was flain, with ten 
thoufand of his men. This town is governed by a magi, 
ftrate, lligh-conftable, and petty officers. The market is 
on Monday ; and the fairs on July 24 and 25, for toys ; 
September 
