764 BAR 
he refigned his chair in 1661 ; bur the king of Denmark 
allowed him the title of honorary profijfor. He now retir¬ 
ed to a little eftate~at Hagefted, near Copenhagen, where 
he hoped to have fpent the remainder of his days in tran¬ 
quillity ; but, his houfe being burnt in 1650, his library, 
and all his books and manufcripts,. were deftroyed. In 
confideration of this lofs the king appointed him his phy- 
fician with a handfome falary, and exempted his land from 
taxes ; the univerfity of Copenhagen alfo appointed him 
their librarian; and, in 1675, the king gave him a feat 
in the grand council of Denmark. He wrote, i. Anatomia 
Cafpari Bartkoiini Parentis novis Obfervationibus primum locu- 
plctata, 8vo. 2. De Monfiris in Natura et Medecina, 4to. 
3. De Armillis Veterum, preefertim Danorum Schedion, 8vo. 
and feveral other works. This great man died on the 4th 
of December 1680. 
BARTHO'LOMEW, [loVimsof *0 a fon, nbn hang¬ 
ing or elevating, and Heb, waters, i. e. the fon of him 
who makes the waters to mount.] A proper name of men. 
Bartholomew, a county of South Carolina, in the 
United States of America. 
Bartholomew, fee Saint Bartholomew. 
St. Bartholomew’s Day, a feltival of the Chriftian 
•church, celebrated on the 24th of Align ft. St. Bartho¬ 
lomew was one of the twelve apoftles ; and is efteemed to 
be the fame as Nathaniel, one of the firft difciples that 
came to Chrift. It is thought this apoftle travelled as far 
as India, to propagate the gofpel ; for Eufebius relates, 
that a famous philofopher and Chriftian, named Pantcenus, 
defiling to imitate the apoftolical zeal in propagating tlie 
faith, and travelling for that purpofe as far as India, found 
there, among thole who yet retained the knowledge of 
Chrift, the gofpel of St. Matthew, written, as the tradition 
aiTerts, by St. Bartholomew, one of the twelve apoftles, 
when he preached the gofpel in that country. From thence 
lie returned to the more northern and weftern parts of 
Afia, and preached to the people of Hierapolis; then in 
Lycaonia ; and laftly at Albania, a city upon the Cafpian 
Sea ; where his endeavours to reclaim the people from 
idolatry were crowned with martyrdom, he being flayed 
alive, and crucified w ith his head downwards. There is 
mention made of a gofpel of St. Bartholomew, in the pre¬ 
face to Origen’s Homilies on St. Luke, and in the preface 
to St. Jerome’s commentary on St. Matthew : but it is 
generally fuppofed to be fpurious, and is placed by pope 
Gelafius among the apocryphal books. 
St. Bartholomew’s day is diftinguiftied in hiftory as the 
anniverfary of that horrid and atrocious facrifice of human 
blood, called the Parifian majfacre. This ftiocking feene 
of religious phrenzy was marked with fuch barbarity as 
would furpafs all belief, were it not attefted by the 1110ft 
authentic evidence. In 1572, in the reign of Charles IX. 
numbers of the principal proteftants were invited to Paris, 
under a folemn oath of fafety, to celebrate the marriage 
of tire king of Navarre with the French king’s After; viz. 
the king of Navarre’s mother, Coligni admiral of France, 
with many other nobles. The qneen-dowager of Navarre, 
a zealous proteftant, w’as poifoned by a pair of gloves be¬ 
fore the marriage was folemnized ; and on the 24th of 
Auguft 1572, being Bartholomew’s day, about the morn¬ 
ing twilight, upon the toll of the bell of the church of 
St. Germain, the maflacre began. The admiral Coligni 
was bafely murdered in his own houfe ; and then thrown 
out of the window, to gratify the malice of the duke of 
Guile: his head was afterwards cut off, and lent to the 
king and queen-mother; and his body, after a thoufand 
indignities offered to it, was hung up by the feet on a gib¬ 
bet. After this, the murderers ravaged the whole city of 
Paris, and butchered above ten thoufand perfons of all 
ranks. An horrible Icene, fays Thuanus, when the very 
ftreets and paflages refounded with the groans of thofe 
who were dying, and the fhrieks of fuch as were juft 
going to be murdered ; the bodies of the flain thrown out 
of the window s ; the courts and chambers of the houfes 
filled with them,; , the dead bodies of.others dragged thro’ 
bar 
the ftreets, their blood running down the channels in fuch 
plenty, that torrents feemed to empty themfelves into the 
neighbouring river : and, in a word, an innumerable mul¬ 
titude of men, women with child, maidens, and children, 
were all involved in one common deftruftion ; and the 
gates and entrances of the king’s palace all befmeared with 
blood. From Paris the maflacre fpread throughout the 
kingdom. In the city of Meaux they threw above two 
hundred into gaol ; and after they had ravilhed and killed 
a great number of women, and plundered the houfes of 
the Proteftants, they executed their-fury on thofe they 
had impriloned, and, calling them out one by one, they 
were killed in cold blood, like ftieep in a market; the 
bodies of fome were flung into ditches, and others into the 
river Maine. At Orleans they murdered above fiv-e hun¬ 
dred men, women, and children, and enriched themfelves 
with their Ipoil. The fame cruelties were exercifed at 
Angers, Troyes, Bourges, La Charite, and efpecially at 
Lyons, where they inhumanly deftroyed above eight hun¬ 
dred proteftants, pitting ropes about the necks of fome,. 
dragging them through the ftreets, and throwing them, 
mangled, torn, and half dead, into the river. It would 
be endlels to mention the butcheries committed at Valence, 
Romaine, Rouen, See. It is alferted that above thirty- 
thoufand fouls periflied on this dreadful occafton. Thu¬ 
anus, in abhorrence of-the maflacre of St. Bartholomew’s 
day, tiled to repeat thefe words of P. Statius, Silv. v.iii. 
ver. 88, &c. 
Excidat ilia dies asvo, ne poftera credant 
Secula. Nos certe taceanms, et obruta multa 
Nocte tegi propria patiamur crimina gentis. 
In the words of Job, chap. iii. ver. 3, Sec. “Let that day 
peri Hi ; and let it not be joined unto the days of the year. 
Let darknefs and the ftiadow of death ftain it,” &c. And 
yet, as though this had been the moft heroic tranfaftion^. 
and pregnant with immortal glory, medals were (truck at 
Paris in commemoration of it. 
St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, is a hofpital for the 
reception of tick and wounded poor perfons. It is fitu- 
ated on the fouth-eaft fide of Smithfield, and incorporated 
by the name of the Hofpital of the Mayor, Commonalty, 
and Citizens, of London, Governors for the Poor, called 
Little St. Bartholomew’s, near Weft Smithfield. This' 
hofpital formerly belonged to the priory of St. Bartholo¬ 
mew, in Smithfield, founded by one Rahere, about the- 
year 1102. At the difiolution of the monafteries, Hen¬ 
ry VIII. left five hundred marks a-year to it, on condi¬ 
tion that the city (hould add five hundred marks per an¬ 
num for the relief of lick and poor people; but it was- 
more largely endowed for the life of fick and lame perfons 
only, by Edward VI. by the munificence of the city and 
private benefactors. This hofpital, having efcaped the 
dreadful fire in 1666, was repaired and beautified by the- 
governors in the year 1691. But the building became- 
by length of time fo ruinous and dangerous, that a fub- 
feription was entered into in 1729, for defraying the ex¬ 
pence of rebuilding it, on a plan comprehending four de¬ 
tached piles of building to be joined by (tone gateways, 
about a court or area. Four piles have been ereCted and 
finifhed; one of thefe piles contains a large hall for the 
relort of the governors at general courts, a compting- 
houfe for the committees, and other nccelfary offices: 
the other three piles contain wards for the reception of 
the patients. It is governed by a prefident, treafurer, Sec. 
It is attended by three phylicians, and three furgeons, be- 
fides as many affiftant furgeons, and an apothecary and 
chaplain. This hofpital, fince its enlargement, is capa¬ 
ble of accommodating four hundred and twenty patients : 
it extends relief alfo to a great number of out-patients. 
By the report of 1780, it appears that this hofpital admi- 
niftered relief to 10846 patienfs in the courfe of the pre¬ 
ceding year. 
B ARTHO'LOMITF.S,y] A religious order founded at 
Genoa in 1307 ;. but, the monks leading very irregular lives, 
the 
