BAT 
plied himfelf to natural philofophy in general, but chiefly 
to the mathematics, in which he made a great proficiency. 
He wrote, r. Of the Formation and Ufe of the Concave 
Sphere. 2. Of the Solid Sphere. 3. Of the Ufe of the 
Afirolabe. 4. Pliilofophical Concluiions. 
BATE'.FUL, adj. [from bate and full.) Contentious. 
BATE'MAN (William), bifliop of Norwich in the 
fourteenth century, and founder of Trinity-hall, in Cam¬ 
bridge, was born at Norwich, and educated at Cambridge, 
where he applied himfelf to the (iudy of the civil law, in 
which lie took the degree of doflor before he was thirty 
years of age, a thing then uncommon. In 1328, he was 
collated to the archdeaconry of Norwich : after which he 
went and (ludied at Rome, where he was promoted by the 
pope to the place of auditor of his palace. He was like- 
wile advanced to the deanery of Lincoln ; and fo great an 
opinion had he of his capacity, that he fent him twice as 
his nuncio, to procure a peace between Edward III. king 
of England, and the king of France. Upon the death of 
Anthony de Beck, bifliop of Norwich, the pope confer¬ 
red that biihopric upon our Bateman, on the 23d of Janu¬ 
ary, 1343, and confecrated him with his own hands. Be¬ 
ing invelted with that dignity, he returned into his native 
country after many years abfence, and lived in a very hof- 
pitable manner. Of pope Clement VI. lie obtained for 
himfelf and fucceflors the firfi-fruits of all vacant livings 
within his diocefe ; which occalioned frequent difputes 
between himfelf and his clergy. In the year 1347 he 
founded Trinity-hall in Cambridge, for the fludy of the 
civil and canon laws; and another hall dedicated to the 
Virgin Mary, for the fludy of philofophy and divinity. 
In 1354 lie was by order of parliament difpatched to the 
court of Rome, with Henry duke of Lancafter, and others, 
to treat of a peace, then in agitation between the crowns 
of France and England. This journey proved fatal to 
him ; for he died at Avignon, where the pope then refid- 
ed, on the 6th of January, 1354-55, and was buried with 
great folemnity in the cathedral of that city. 
BATE'MENT, f. [from abatement . j Diminution: a 
term only ufed among artificers.—To abate, is to wade a 
piece of fluff; inftead of afking how much was cut off, 
carpenters afk what batement that piece of fluff had. Mcxon. 
BATE'NITES, a fed! of apoftates from Mahometanifm 
difperfed through the eaft, who profefled the fame abo¬ 
minable pradf ices with the Ifmaliansand Karmatians. The 
word fignifies efoteric, or people, of inward or hidden light. 
BA'TERSEA, [once called Patrick's Ea, i. e. Patrick’s 
Ille.] A village in Surrey on the Thames. 
BATES (William), an eminent prelbyterian divine, 
born in 1625. He was admitted in Emanuel college, Cam¬ 
bridge, and from ihence removed to King’s college in 1644. 
He was one of the commiffioners, at the conference in the 
Savoy, for reviewing the public liturgy, and was concerned 
in drawing up the exceptionsagainft the Common Prayer: 
however, foon after the refloration, he was appointed chap¬ 
lain to Charles II. and became minifler of St. Dunflan’s 
in the well, but was deprived of that benefice for noncon¬ 
formity. He was offered, at the refloration, the deanery 
of Litchfield ; which lie refufed. He publiflied Select 
Lives of illuftrious and pious perfons, in Latin; and fl nee 
his death all his works, except his Seledt Lives, have 
been printed in one volume folio. He died July 14, 1699, 
in the 74th year of his age. 
BATGA'O, a town of Alia, in the country of Mocaum- 
pour: ten miles fouth of Carmandu, and 140 north of 
Patna. Lat. 28. N. Ion. 28. 15. E. Greenwich. 
BATH.yi \_bath, Sax. bad, Teut.J A pool of water to 
bathe in. A bath is either hot or cold, either of art or 
nature. Artificial baths have been in great efleem with 
the ancients, efpecially in complaints to be relieved by re- 
vtilfion, as inveterate headachs, by opening the pores of 
the feet, and alfo in cutaneous cafes. But the modern 
praflice has greateft recourle to the natural baths; mod 
of which abound with a mineral fulphur, as appears from 
their turning filver and copper blackifti. The cold baths 
Vol, II. No. 103. 
are the mod convenient fprings, or refervatories, of cold 
water to walh in, which the ancients had in great efleem ; 
and the prefent age can produce abundance of noble cures 
performed by them.—Why may not the cold bath, into 
which they plunged themfelves, have had fome fliare in 
their cure. Addifon. —A ftate in which great outward heat 
is applied to the body, for the mitigation of pain, or any 
other purpofe.—In the height of this bath, when I was 
more than half flewed in greafe like a Dutch difli, to be 
thrown into the Thames 1 Skahefpeare. —In chetniflry, it 
generally fignifies a veffel of water, in which another is 
placed that requires a fofter heat than the naked fire. See 
Balneum. Balneum Marice is a miftake for balneum maris, 
a fea or water bath. A fund heat is fometimes called baL 
neumficcum , or cinereum. —We fee that the water of things 
di(filled in water, which they call the bath, differeth not 
much from the water of things diflilled by fire. Bacon .—- 
A fort ot Hebrew meafure, containing the tenth part of 
an homer, or feven gallons and four pints, as a meafure 
for things liquid ; and three pecks and three pints as a 
meafure for things dry.—Ten acres of vineyard (hail yield 
one bath, and the feed of an homer fhall yield an ephalu. 
lfaiak v. 10. 
Baths (Vapour), or Vapour baths, are thofe wherein- 
the fleam of fome decodtion is received upon the body to 
promote perfpiration, or to adt medicinally by abforption 
or otherwife. They are alfo called Balnea Laconiea. Va¬ 
pour baths are fo called when the patient is not plunged 
into what is prepared for the bath, but only receives its 
fleam upon thofe parts of his body which require it: as in 
fome difeafes of the anus and womb, where the patient 
fits and receives the fumes of fome proper fomentation,. 
&c. To thefe may be added the bagnio ; where people 
are made to fweat by the heat of a room, or the affuiion of 
hot water ; after which they generally go into a hot bath. 
A peculiar fort of vapour bath was ufed by the ancient 
Mexicans, and is ftill in ufe among their defeendants. Ac-, 
cording to the abbe Clavigero, thefe baths are built of 
raw bricks, and their form is fimilar to that of ovens for 
baking bread : but with this difference, that the pavement 
of the bath is a little convex, and lower than the fur face- 
of the earth ; whereas that of moft ovens is a plane, a little 
elevated for the accommodation of the baker. The greateft 
diameter of the bath is about eight feet, and its greateft 
height fix. The entrance, like the mouth of an oven, is- 
wide enough to allow a man to creep eafily in. In the 
place oppofite the entrance is a furnace of ftor.e of raw 
bricks, with its mouth outwards to receive the fire, and a 
hole above to carry off the fmoke. The part which unites 
the furnace to the bath, and which is about two feet and 
a half fquare, is flint with a dry flone of a porous texture. 
In the upper part of the vault there is an air-hole, like- 
that to the furnace. When any perfon goes to bathe, lie 
firft lays a mat within the bath, a pitcher of water, and 
a bunch of herbs or leaves of maize. He then caufes a 
fire to be made in the furnace, which is kept burning un¬ 
til the fiones which join the bath and furnace are quite 
hot. The perfon w ho is to ufe the bath enters commonly 
naked, and generally accompanied, for the fake of conve¬ 
nience, by one of his domeflics. As foon as he enters, he 
flints the entrance clofe, but leaves the air-hole at top for 
a little time open, to let out any fmoke which may have 
been introduced through the chinks of the flone ; when it 
is all out, he flops up the air-hole. He then throws wa¬ 
ter upon the hot flones, from which immediately arifes'a 
thick fleam.. While the lick perfon lies upon the mat, 
the domeltic drives the vapour downwards, and gently 
beats the lick perfon, particularly on the ailing part, with 
the bunch of herbs, which are dipped for a little while ir. 
the water of the pitcher, which has then become pretty 
warm. The fick perfon falls immediately into a, foft and 
copious fweat, which is increafed or- diminiflied at pleafure, 
according as the cafe requires. When the evacuation de- 
fired is obtained, the vapour is let off, the entrance is clear-, 
cd, and the fick perfon clothes, himfelf, or is conveyed on 
9, R the 
