8m 
BAT 
duke of Marlborough over the French and Bavarians, 4 
Anne, 1704. Another complete victory at Ramillies over 
the fame combined armies, 1706. Again, over tlie French 
at Oudenntcle, Flanders, 1708. A convoy for the relief 
of Lille attacked by 24,000 French troops; defeated by 
major-general Webb, who had not 10,000 men under his 
command, nor any artillery, near the wood of Wynejulale, 
between Bruges and Lille, 1708. Of Malplaquet, near. 
Mods, Flanders ; the duke of Marlborough and prince 
Eugene win the day from the French, but the '(laughter 
and lofs was great on both lines, each army con(ified of 
about 100,000 choice troops, 1709. Mons taken b-y the 
fame generals foon after. Of Sheriffmuir ; the duke of 
Argyll defeats the earl of Mar, who commanded the re¬ 
bel forces, 2 Geo. 1 . 1715. Of Dettingen ; George II. 
(in perfon) gains a fignal vidtory. over the French, com¬ 
manded by marlhal Noailles, 1743. Of Fontenoy ; the 
Englifh and Hanoverians defeated by the French, after 
fignal exertions of valour, owing to the cowardice of the 
Dutch troops in the Englilh army, 1745. Of Culloden ; 
the duke of Cumberland entirely defeats the Scotch rebels, 
headed by the young Pretender, which terminates the re¬ 
bellion, 1746. Of Laffeldt; the French gain the day from 
the duke of Cumberland, 1747. Of Lake St. George, 
North America ; general Johnfon defeats the French ar¬ 
my, compofedof French regulars, Canadians, and Indians, 
1755. Of -Crevelt; prince Ferdinand gains the day from 
the French, 1758. Of Cofeldt; the duke of Cumberland 
retreats, but the French fufhiin the greased lofs, 1757. 
Of Minden ; prince Ferdinand, with an army compoled 
of Englilh, Medians, and Hanoverians, gains a fignal vic¬ 
tory over the French, 1739. Of Niagara, North America; 
general Johnfon defeats the French, and takes Niagara, 
1759. Of Montmorenci, and the plains of Abraham; 
general Wolfe, at the latter, conquers Quebec ; but falls 
in the battle, 1760. Of Wandewalh, in the Ead Indies.; 
colonel Coote takes the place, and defeats the French ge¬ 
neral Lally, 1759. OfWarbourg; Prince Ferdinand de¬ 
feats the French, 17(10. Of Buxar, in India, 1764. Of 
Lexington, in America ; between the Englifh and the re¬ 
volted Americans, 1773. Of Bunker’s-Hill; between the 
fame, 1775. Of Long.Illand, 1776- Of White Plains, near 
New York, 1776. Of Saratoga, 1777. Of Brandy Wine 
Creek, 1777. Of Camden, 1780. Of York Town; when 
lord Cornwallis furrendered, 1781. In the Carnatic; 
where Hyder Ally was defeated by Sir Eyre Coote, 1781. 
Battles between European powers, in which England 
was intereded by her alliances. Of Lutzingen ; Gudavus. 
'Adolplms, king of Sweden, againd the emperor; the im- 
perialilts conquer, and Gudavus, the fupport of the Pro- 
tedant intered in Germany, is killed, 1632 ; he was in al¬ 
liance with Charles I. Of Narva; Charles XII. king of 
Sweden, with 20,000 men, vanquifhes the Mufcovite army 
of 100,000, 1700. Of Almanza; the French and Spa¬ 
niards, headed by the duke of Berwick, defeat the com¬ 
bined. forces of England, Holland, and Portugal, com¬ 
manded by the marquis de las Minas and the earl of Gal¬ 
loway, 1707. Of Pultawa; Charles XII. totally defeated 
by the czar of Mufcovy, and efcapes into Turkey with.a 
few attendants, 1709. Queen Anne, the Dutch, arid-the 
emperor of Germany, reinflate him in his paternal domi¬ 
nions. Of Belgrade; the Imperialids vanquifh the Turks, 
1717. Of Parma and Guaflalla ; the confederates, Eng¬ 
land, France, and Spain, againlt the emperor, both bloody 
engagements with doubtful fuccefs, 1734. Of Molwitz ; 
gainedby the king of Pruffia over the Aiiflrians, in alliance 
with Great Britain, 1741. Of Czarflow ; the king of 
Prullia again victorious, 1742. Of Friedberg; the ntoll 
fignal vidtory obtained by the king of Pruffia during the 
war, 1745. Of St. Lazaro; the Aulirians defeat the French 
and Spaniards, 1746. Of Lovvofchutz; the king of Pruffia, 
now the ally of Great Britain, gains a complete vidtory 
over the Andrian general, Brown, 1756. Of Prague; 
the Audfians defeated by prince Henry of Pruffia, and 
Brown mortally' wounded, 1757. The fame year count 
Vol. II. No. 104. 
BAT 
Daun, the New Andrian general, vanquifhes the. king,of- 
Prullia at Kolin, and diives him from Prague. Of P.of- 
bach ; the king of Pruffia gains a complete vidtory over 
the combined armies of France and Auftnia, November 4. 
Of Breflau ; the Andrians defeat the Pruffians under prince 
Beven, November 22, but the engagement was very bloody 
on both iides. Of Lida; which clofes this-remarkable 
campaign ; the king of Prullia vanquifhes prince Charles 
of Lorraine, and kills 6,ooo Aulirians in the engagement, 
December 5, 1757. Of Cunerfclof ; the king of Pruffia, 
with 50,000 men, ventures to attack the Ruffian army 
confiding of 90,000, in their camp ; at firfb-he gains con - 
fiderable advantages ; but purfuihg- them too far, the 
Ruffian general, Soltikoff, rallies his troops, and gains a 
complete vidtory, the Pruffians having lod 20,000 men 
killed, wounded, and taken prifoners, 1759. Of Pfalfeii- 
derf; the Andrians, commanded by Laudohn, are defeat- 
ed with great daughter by the king of Prullia, which ’pre¬ 
vents the jundtion of the Ruflian and Andrian grand ar¬ 
mies, 1760. The .king’ clofed this year with a glorious 
victory at Torgau over the Andrians, November_3, Daun 
being wounded and obliged to retire. The final battle 
gained by hint was before Schweidnitz ; when he defeated 
the Andrian army under the generals Laudohn, O’Donnel, 
and Beck, and retook Schweidnitz: the battle was fought 
Align A 16th, and die city furrendered in October 1762 ; 
foon after which a (ufpeafion of arms took place. For par¬ 
ticulars of all the infereding battles fought by the French 
revohitionids, fee the articles England, and France. 
Battle-array, f, Array, or order, of battle.—Two 
parties of fine women, placed in oppofite fide boxes, feem. 
ed drawn up in battle-array one againd another. Addijov. 
B ATTLE-AXE,yi An ancient military weapon! Axes 
were a principal part of the c lien five armour of the Celtic. 
At the fiege of the Roman Capitol by the Gauls under 
Brennus,. we find one of die mod diflinguifhed./of their 
warriors armed with a battle-axe. AndAmmianus Mar- 
cellinus, many centuries afterwards, deferibing a body of 
Gauls, furnifhes them all with battle-axes and fwords. 
Some of thefe weapons have been found in the fepulchres 
of the Britons, on the downs of VViltfhire, and in the north 
of Scotland. Within thefe four or five centuries the Irilh 
.went condantly armed with an axe. At the battle of Ban¬ 
nock-burn, king Robert Bruce clave an Englilh champion 
down to the -chine at one blow with a battle axe. The axe 
of Lochaber hath remained a formidable implement of de¬ 
finition in the hands of our Highlanders nearly to the 
prefent period ; and it is ftill ufed by the city-guard of 
Edinburgh in quelling mobs, &c. 
Battle Royal, f. in cock-fighting, denotes a fight 
between three, five, or feven, cocks, all together ; fo as 
that the cock which Hands longefi gets the day. 
BAT'TLEDOOR,/! [fo called from door, taken fora 
flat board, and battle, or Jlriking. ] An inflrument with a 
handle and a flat board, ufed in play to flrike a ball or 
fliuttlecock.—Play-things which are above their (kill, as 
tops, gigs, baetltdoors, and the like, which are to be tiled 
with labour, fliould indeed be procured them. Locke. 
BAT'TLEFIELD, a village of England, in the coun¬ 
ty of Salop, near which Henry IV. gained a vidtory over 
Piercy, called Ilotfpur ; three miles north of Shrewlbury. 
B'AT'TLEMENT,yi [generally fuppofed to be form¬ 
ed from battle, as the parts from whence a building is de¬ 
fended againd aflailants; perhaps only corrupted from bd- 
timait, Fr. ] A wall raifed round the top of a caftle, tower, 
or other building, with embrafures, or interllices, to look 
through to annoy an enemy.—Thou flialt make a battlement 
for thy roof, that thou bring no blood upon thy houfe, if 
any man fall. Deuteronomy. 
B AT'TLINGS,y. [The derivation of the word is dif¬ 
ficult to be afeertained. In the Gloffary of D11 Frefne, 
the batus is explained by ‘ meafure of allowance polfibly 
thence might have been formed bat.cllus, fignifyinga Mmall- 
er meafure,’ and from that batt/ings.'] A term ufed to fig- 
nify ‘ allowance of money ;’ as battles is applied to exprefs 
9 X an 
