BEN 
Cambridge, and was buried in that chapel, to which he 
had been a confiderable benefactor. His literary charac¬ 
ter is known in all parts of Europe, wherever learning is 
known. In his private character he was hearty, iincere 
and warm in his friendthip, an affectionately tender luif- 
band, and a good father; he lovedhefpitaliry and refpeCt, 
maintained the dignity and munificence of the ancient ab¬ 
bots in houfe-keeping at his lodge ; and in converfation he 
tempered the I'everity of the critic with a peculiar ft rain 
of vivacity and pleafantry. By his wife, who was an ex¬ 
cellent woman, and died before him in 1740, he had three 
children ; a fon called after his own name, and two daugh¬ 
ters, Elizabeth and Joanna. His fon was bred under his 
own tuition at Trinity-college, where he was chofen a fel¬ 
low, and fucceeded his father in the library-keeper’s place 
at St. James’s, but refigned it in 174.5. His eldcft daugh¬ 
ter Elizabeth-was married about the year 1727, to Sir 
Humphrey Ridge, elded fon to a Mr. Ridge, brewer to the 
navy at Portfuiouth, a gentleman of an ample fortune. 
The yotwigelf, Joanna, efpoufed not long after the elded 
fon of Dr. Richard Cumberland, biihop of Peterborough; 
the fird blue of which match is now a diftinguilhed orna¬ 
ment to the republic of letters. Befides thofe already 
mentioned, the pieces he publidied are, r. A Collection 
of the Fragments of Callimachus, with notes, printed in 
1697, by Graevius, in his edition of that poet’s works. 
2. Notes upon the Fird Comedies of Ariftophanes, pub- 
lifhed at Amsterdam, in 1710. 3. Emendationes, &c. on 
the Fragments of Menander and Philemon, printed about 
the fame time at Rheims. This he fubferibed by the 
feigned name of Phileleuthrus Lipfienfis. 4. Under tit a t 
character he appeared again in 1713, in his Remarks upon 
Collins’s Difcourfe of Free Thinking,.for which he receiv¬ 
ed the thanks of the univerfity. 5. Kis edition of Horace,- 
which is reckoned his capital work, came out in 1711. 
Bentley (Thomas), his nephew, was the author of 
the Wifhes, a comedy, which appeared at Drury-lane in 
the fummer of 1761, and was revived in 1782; but the 
piece, as it was fuppofed, having fome tendency to party 
fatire, was condemned, and withdrawn from the dage by 
the author. Fie wrote alfo Philodainus, a tragedy, 1767 ; 
and Patriotifm, a fevere fatirieal poem,_.'preferved in Dilly’s 
Repofitory. He died about 1782. 
To BENUM', v. a. [bcuunun.. Sax.] To make torpid; 
to fake away the leiifation and life of any part by cold, or 
by fome obdruCtion.—It ieizes upon the vitals and benunis 
the fenfes ; and where there is no fenfe, there can be no 
pain. South .—To ftuptfy : 
Thefe accents were her lad : the creeping death 
Betiumm'd her fenfes fird, then dopp’d her breath. Dryden. 
BENVO'LICH, a mountain of Scotland, in the county 
of Perth : feven miles north-ead of George Town. 
B EN VOR' LICK, a mountain of Scotland, in the county 
of Perth : (even miles north of Callender. 
BENYVYK'VIS, a mountain of Scotland, in the county 
of Rofs : feven miles north-wed of Dingwall. 
BE'NY, a town of France, in the department of the 
Calvados, and chief place of a canton, in the diftriCt of 
Caen, two leagues and a quarter north-nor.th-wed of Caen. 
Beny (Le), a town of France, in the department of 
the Calvados, and chief place of a canton, in the diftriCt 
of Vire : (even leagues and a half fouth-wed of Caen, and 
two north of Vire. 
BENYOW'SKY (count Mauritius Augudus de), mag¬ 
nate of the kingdoms of Hungary and Poland, was born 
in 1741, at Ferbowa, the hereditary lordlhip of his family, 
fituated in the county of Niftria, in Hungary. The hidory 
of this nobleman is extraordinary. The early part of his 
life was employed in the courfe of education which the 
court of Vienna affords to filch of its vaffals as are of illuf- 
trious families ; and upon his attaining the age of fourteen 
years, he fixed on the profeflion of arms. He was accord¬ 
ingly received into the regiment of Siebenfchien, in qua¬ 
lity of lieutenant ; and joining the imperial army, then in 
BEN 895 
the field againft the king of Pruffia, was prefent at the bat¬ 
tles of Lowofitz, Prague, Schweidnitz, and Darmdadt. 
Soon after this period, 1758, he quitted the imperial lervice 
and hadened into Lithuania, at the in dance of his unde 
the darod of Benyowiky, and fucceeded as his heir to the 
pofledion of Iris edates. The tranquillity, however, which 
he now enjoyed was interrupted by intelligence of the death 
of his father, and that his brothers-in-law had taken pof- 
feflion of his inheritance. Thefe circuntdances demanding 
his immediate prefence in Hungary, he-quitted Lithuania 
with the foie view of obtaining pofledion of the property 
of his family ; but on his arrival lie found thq whole in 
the hands of his brothers-in-law, who by force, oppofed 
his entrance into his own cadle. Attending in this con¬ 
juncture to the judice of his caufe, and the dictates of his 
vivacity, he repaired to Kruffava, a lordlhip dependant on 
the cadle of Verbowa, where, after having caufed himlelf 
to be acknowledged by hif vaffals, and being allured of 
their fidelity, he armed them, and by tlieir affiffance gained 
polfpfllon of all hist effects; but his brothers, thus defeated 
of their ufurpation, reprefented him at the court of Vienna 
as a rebel and didurber of the public peace; and, in con- 
fequence of this falfe information, the emprefs queen illued 
a decree in chancery againft the count, by which he was 
not only deprived of his property, but compelled to with¬ 
draw with the utmofl. expedition into. Poland. This-expul- 
Ilon from his native country, joined to the aftive difpbfi- 
tion of his mind, made liirn determine to travel ; but after 
taking feveral voyages to Hamburgh, Amfierdam, and 
Plymouth, with intention to apply himfelf to navigation, 
he received letters from the magnates and fenators of Po¬ 
land, which induced him to repair to Warfaw, where lie 
joined the confederation then forming, and entered into an 
obligation, upon oath., not to acknowledge the king, until 
the confederation, as the only lawful tribunal of the re¬ 
public, fliould have declared him lawfully elebfed ; to op- 
pofe the Ruffians by force of arms ; and not to forfake 
the colours of the confederation fo long as the Ruffians 
fliould remain in Poland. Leaving Warfaw, he attempt¬ 
ed to make his rights known at the court of Vienna ; but 
difappointed in this endeavour, and deprived of all hope 
of juffice, lie refolved to quit for ever the dominions, of 
the hottfe of Auftria. On his return to Poland, he was 
attacked, during his pafiage through tlie county of Zips, 
with a violent fever ; and being received into the houfe of 
Mr. Henfky, a gentleman of diftinCfion, he became ena¬ 
moured of one of his daughters, with whom he foon after 
had the pleafure to be united by marriage; but it was not 
his fate to continue long in poffeffion of happinefs or repofe. 
The confederate (fates of Poland, a party of whom had 
declared themfelves at Cracow, obferving that the count 
was one of the fird who had figned their union at Warfaw, 
wrote to him to join them ; and, compelled by the ftrong 
tie of the oath he had taken, he departed without inform¬ 
ing his wife, and arrived at Cracow on the very day count 
Panin made the aflault. 
He was received witli open arms by marfhal Czarnefkv, 
and immediately appointed colonel-general, commander of 
cavalry, and quarter-mafter-general. On the 6th of July 
1768, he was detached to Navitaig to conduft a Polilh re¬ 
giment to Cracow, and he not only brought the whole re¬ 
giment, compofed of fix hundred men, through the camp 
of the enemy before t he town, but foon afterwards defeated 
a body of Ruffians at Kremenka ; reduced Landfcroen, 
which prince Lubomirlky, who had joined the confederacy 
with two thoufand regular troops, had attempted in vain ; 
and, by his great gallantry and addrefs, contrived the 
means of introducing ftipplies into Cracow when belieged 
by the Ruffians : but the count, having loft above fixteen 
hundred men in affording this affilfance to the town, was 
obliged to make a precipitate retreat the moment lie had 
effeded his purpofe ; and being ptirfued by the Ruffian 
cavalry, compofed of coffacks and huffars, he had the 
misfortune to have his horfe killed under him, and fell at 
laff, after receiving two wounds, into the hands of the 
enemy. 
