B E R 
BERES'KY, n town of Poland, in the palatinate of 
Braclaw : forty miles louth-eaft of Braclavr. 
BERETEL'SKO, a town of Poland, in the palatinate 
of Volhynia : 24 miles fonth-fouth-weft of Lucko. 
BERETIN' (Peter), born at Cortona in Tnfeany in 
1596, at firft betrayed but little talent for painting ; but 
liis difpolitions burft forth on a hidden, to the aftonifhment 
of thofe who had laughed at his incapacity. Rome and 
Florence fuccetTively had him. Alexander VII. created 
him knight of the golden fptir. The grand duke Ferdi¬ 
nand II. alfo conferred on him feveral marks of his efteem. 
That prince one day admiring the figure of a child weep¬ 
ing which he had juft painted, he only gave it one touch 
of the pencil, and it appeared laughing ; then, with ano¬ 
ther touch, he put it in its former ftate : “Prince,” laid 
Beretin, “you fee how eafily children laugh and cry.” 
He died in 1669. His company was amiable, his manners 
pure, his nature mild, his heart fenfible to friendfhip. 
His genius was unbounded, and required grand fubjetfts 
for its employment. Fie threw a fingular grace into the 
airs of his heads, a brilliancy and frelhnefs into his colour¬ 
ing, and gave a dignity to his ideas ; but his drawing is 
not always correct. Beretin, known alfo under the name 
of Pietro di Cortona, was not lefs fuccefsful in architecture. 
BERETZH AU'SEN, it town of Germany, in the cir¬ 
cle ot Bavaria and principality of Meuburg : twelve miles 
weft-north-weft of Ratifoon. 
BEREWI'CHA, or Berewica, denotes a village or 
hamlet belonging to fome town or manor. The word fre¬ 
quently occurs in Doomfday-book : IJlce funt berezuiches ejnf. 
dem manerii. ■ 
BERE'ZA, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of Ki- 
ov : thirty miles weft of Bialacerkiew. 
Bereza, a town ot Lithuania, in the palatinate of 
Brzefc : fifty-fix miles eaft-north-eaft of Brzefc. 
BEREZEC', a town of Little Ruftia, in the palatinate 
of Chelm : twenty-two miles eaft of Chelm. 
BERE'ZEN, a river which runs into the Black Sea : 
twenty miles weft of Otchakov. 
BEREZEU'KA, a town of Ruffia, in the government 
of Saratov, on the weft fide of the Volga : 124 miles fouth 
of Saratov. 
BEREZI'NA, a river of Lithuania, which rifes in the 
palatinate of Wilna, and runs into the Niemeri : fixteen 
miles north-eaft of Novogrodek. 
Berezina, a town of Lithuania, in the palatinate of 
Minflc : forty-four miles north-eaft of Minfk. 
BEREZIN'SKOI, a town of Siberia, on the north fide 
of the Irtifch : forty miles eaft of Tobolfk. 
BEREZ'NIKI, a town ot Lithuania, in the palatinate 
of Troki : forty miles north-north-weft of Troki. 
BEREZOV', a divifion of the province of Tobolfk in v 
Siberia. It is bounded on the north by the ftraits of Wai- 
gatz, on the eaft by a large bay of the frozen ocean, which 
runs into the land towards the fouth, and at the 65th de¬ 
gree of latitude feparates into two arms ,• one of which is 
called the Objkaia-Guba or Oby-bay ; and the other Tazow- 
Jkaia-Guba, or the bay oj Tazow. The river Oby empties 
itfelf into the former, and the Taz into the latter. This 
diftrict was under the Ruffian dominion long before the 
other parts of Siberia were conquered, being reduced by 
the ezar Gabriel fo early asthe year 1530. 
Berezov, a town of Siberia, and capital of the above 
diftrift, on the weft fide of the Oby : 372 miles north- 
north-weft of Toboltk. Lat. 64. N. Ion. 83. E. Ferro. 
Berezov, a town of Ruffia, in the government of 
Olonetz : 180 miles north-north-weft of Petrozavodfko;. 
Lat 64. 15. N. Ion. 48. 20. E. Ferro: 
BERE'ZOVOI, a fortrefs of Afiatic Ruffia, in the go¬ 
vernment of Orenburg, on-the Uvelka : 240 miles eaft of 
Upha, and fixty-eight fouth-eaft of Tcheliabinfk. 
BEREZOVS'KOI, a fortrefs of Afiaiic Ruffia, in the 
government of Orenburg, on the Ural : 140 miles eaft- 
north-eaft of Orenburg. 
itERG, a duchy and principality of Germany, in the 
1 
B E R 9 o 3 
circle of Weftphalia, bounded on the weft and fouth by 
the archbifhopric of Cologne, from which it is feparated by 
the Rhine ; on the north by the duchy of Cleves, and on 
the eaft by the duchy of Marck j about fixty miles long, 
and from eight to twenty-two in breadth. The country 
along the Rhine is flat and fertile, and produces great 
quantities of corn : on the hills the inhabitants cultivate 
vines, in the vallies are meadows, and upon the mountains 
vaft forefts. There are mines of lead, iron, and coal. 
The inhabitants confume more wheat than they grow. 
The principal manuLfitures are fwords, knives, and other 
articles of iron and flee). There are alfo feme-manufac¬ 
tures-of cloths, ribbands, and handkerchiefs- The prin¬ 
cipal rivers are the Wipper, the Seig, and the Ruhr: the 
principal towns are Dufteldorf, Everfeld, Gemarke, Ronf- 
dorf, Solingen, Lennep, &c. This duchy formerly be¬ 
longed to the elector palatine. In 179511 was entirely 
overrun by the French. 
Berg, a town of Norway j twelve miles fouth of Pre- 
derickftadt. 
BER'GA, a town of Norway : fixty miles eaft-north- 
eaft of Chriftiana. Lat. 59. 50. N. 1 Ion. 27. 24. E. Ferro. 
Berga, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper 
-Saxony, and circle of Neuftadt: five miles weft of Weyda, 
BERGAMAS'CO, a country of Italy, part of the lat-e 
ftates of Venice, bounded on the-north by the country of 
the Grifons, on the eaft by the Brelfin, on the fouth by the 
Cremafco, and on the weft by the Miianefe ; towards the 
north it is mountainous and uncultivated ; in the environs 
of Bergamo it is exceedingly fertile ; fome of the vallies 
produce large quantities of wine and oil, others are unpro¬ 
ductive. In the mountains are mines of iron. The peo¬ 
ple in general are inclined to corpulency, and fubjedt to 
the goitre, or rupture of the throat; neverthelels they are 
intelligent in commerce, and carry on a conftderable traffic 
in iron, wool, carpets which they manufacture, cattle, 
marble, and mill-ftones. This territory now forms a part of 
the Cifalpine republic, by the eighth article of the treaty 
of Udine, figned October 17, 1797, between the French 
republic and the emperor of Germany ; at which time the 
Venetian ftates were totally diftblved, and that beautiful 
country was divided between the French and the emperor. 
BER'GAMO, a city of Italy, and capital of the coun¬ 
try of Bergamafco, fortified with walls, baftions, and 
ditches, fituated upon feveral fmall hills. Between the 
city and a lofty mountain is a ftrong caftie. "It has feveral 
fuburbs ; in one of which is kept a large fair at the feaft: 
of St. Bartholomew, at which a vaft concourfe of mer¬ 
chants aftemble from Italy, Germany, and Swiflerland. It 
is the fee of a bithop, fuffragan of Milan, and contains 
thirteen parifli-churches, twelve convents for men, ten 
for women, and about thirty thoufand inhabitants. The 
principal commerce is wool and filk ; the former has been 
very conftderable, and the ferges as well as the tapeftry of 
Bergamo have been celebrated ; their frlks equal thofe of 
Turin. The inhabitants are aClive and laborious; their 
language is a bad Italian. The environs of the place are 
fandy, but made very fertile by the induftry of the inha¬ 
bitants. Lewis XII. of France, after defeating the Ve¬ 
netians at the battle of Agnadel, feized on this city; but 
reftored it to the republic, fix years after, by the treaty of 
1516. It is twenty-five miles north-eaft of Milan, and 
twenty-fix north-weft of Brefcia. Lat. 45.42. N. Ion. 27, 
10. E. Ferro. 
Bergamo (James Philip de), an Auguftin monk, born 
at Bergamo in 1434, wrote in Latin a Chronicle from the 
creation of the world to the year 1503, and a Treatife of 
Illuftrious Women. He died in 1518. 
BERGAMOT', f. A fpecies of citron, cafually pro¬ 
duced by an Italian’s grafting a citron on the ftock of a 
bergamot pear-tree, whence the fruit produced by this 
union participated both of the citron and the pear. The 
fruit hath a fine tafte and fmell, and its eftential oil is in 
high efteem as a perfume. The eftence of bergamot is alfo 
cailed eJJ'tntia dc cedra , It is extracted from the yellow 
