B E R 
deavoui'cd to prove, that the do&rineof fluxions furmflied 
a clear example. This attack gave occaflori to Maclaurm’s 
treatife, and other works, upon the fubjeiH of fluxions ; 
but the direct anfwers to the Analyft were let forth by a 
perfon under tire name of P/ii/alct/ies Cantabrigievfis, but 
generally fuppofed to be Dr. Jurin, who publilhed a piece 
intitled, Geometry no Friend to Infidelity, 1734. To 
this the bifhop replied in A Defence of Free-thinking in 
Mathematics, 1735 ; which drew a fecond anfwer the 
fame year from Philaletlies, fiyled, The Minute Mathe¬ 
matician, or the Free-thinker no jull Thinker ; and here 
the controverfy ended. 
In July 1752, he removed with his lady and family to 
Oxford, partly to fuperintend the education of a fon, but 
chiefly to indulge the paflion for learned retirement, which 
had ever ftrongly polfefTed him, and was one of his mo¬ 
tives to form the Bermuda projedt. He would have re- 
figned his billiopric for a canonry at Oxford ; but it was 
not permitted him. At Oxford he lived highly refpected, 
and collected and printed the fame year all his fmaller 
pieces in 8vo. but he did not live long ; for, on Sunday e- 
vening, January 14, 1753, as he was liftening to a fermon 
wiiich his lady was reading to him, he was feized with a 
palfy in the heart, and inllantly expired. The accident 
was fo hidden, that his body was cold, and the joints ft iff, 
before it was difeovered ; as he lay upon a couch, and 
feemed to be afieep, till his daughter, 011 prefenting him 
with a difh of tea, firft perceived his infenbfility.' His re¬ 
mains were interred at Chrift-church Oxford, and there is 
an elegant marble monument over him, with an infeription 
by Dr. Markham, then dean. 
As to his perfon, he was handfome, with a countenance 
full of meaning and kindnefs, remarkable for great flrength 
of limbs ; and, till his fedentary life impaired it, of a very 
robuft conftitution. He was, however, often troubled 
with the hypochondria, and a nervous colic, from which 
however he was greatly relieved by the virtues of tar-wa- 
ter, on which he publilhed a very interefling treatife. At 
Cloyne he conftantly rofe by four o’clock in the morning, 
and fummoned his family to a leffon on the bafs viol, from 
an Italian mailer he kept in tire houfe for the inftruflion 
of his children. He fpent the reft of the morning, and 
often a great part of the day, in (tudy ; and Plato, from 
whom many of his notions were borrowed, was his favour¬ 
ite author. The excellence of his moral character is con- 
fpicuous in his writings : he was certainly a very amiable 
as well as very great man ; and Pope is fcarcely thought 
to have faid too much, when he aferibes 
To Berkeley every virtue under heaven. 
Berkeley (George), fecond fon of the above bifhop 
of Cloyne, by Anne, eldeft daughter of the Hon. John 
Forfter, fpeaker of the Irilh houfe of commons, by Anne, 
daughter to the Hon. John Monck, brother to the duke 
of Albermarle, was born on the 28th of September 1733, 
in Grofvenof-ftreet, London. Inftrufted in every elegant 
and ufeful accomplifhment, Mr. Berkeley was, at the age 
of nineteen, fent to Oxford ; his father leaving it to his 
own choice to enter a gentleman commoner. But bifhop 
Conybeare, then dean of Chrift-church, on his arrival of¬ 
fering him a ftudentlhip in that fociety, he accepted it. 
His firft tutor was the prefent learned archbifhop of York ; 
on whofe removal to Weftminfter-fchool, he put himfelf 
under the tuition of the prefent worthy bifhop of Oxford. 
Having taken the degree of B. A. he ferved the office of 
collector in the univerfity, and as he was allowed by his 
cotemporaries to be an excellent Latain fcholar, no won¬ 
der that his colleiftor’s fpeech was univerfally admired. In 
1758 he took a final 1 living from his fociety, the vicarage 
of Eaft Garth n, Berks, from which he was removed, in 
1759, by archbilhop Seeker his lole patron, to the famous 
vicarage of Bray,- Berks ; of which he was only the fifth 
vicar (ince the reformation. In 1759 he took the degree 
of M. A. The kindnefs of archbifhop Seeker did not reft 
here ; he gave him alfo the chancellorfhip of Brecknock, 
Voi, II. No. no. 
the redlory of A£Ion, Middlefex, and the fixth prebendal 
fiall in the church of Canterbury. In 1758 lie had taken 
the degree of LL. D. for which lie went out grand com¬ 
pounder. He loon afterwards refigne'd the redtory of Ac- 
ton in a noble unfolicited ifianner. The vicarage of Bray 
he exchanged for that of Cookham near Maidenhead. He 
had afterwards from the church of Canterbury the vica¬ 
rage of Eaft-Peckham, Kent, which he relinquifhed on 
obtaining the rectory of St. Clement’s Danes; which with 
the vicarage of Tyfluirft, Suflex, (to which he was pre- 
fented bv 1 lie church of Canterbury in 1792, when he va¬ 
cated Cookham,) and with the chancellorfhip of Breck¬ 
nock, lie held till his death. 
Dr. Berkeley publilhed fome tingle fermons ; one of 
which, preached on the anniverfary of king Charles’s 
martyrdom, 1785, intitled, “ Danger of violent Innova¬ 
tions in the State, how fpecious foever the Pretence, ex¬ 
emplified from the Reigns of the two firft Stuarts,” has 
gone through fix editions, the laft in 1794 ; one on Good 
Friday, 1787 ; one at Cookham, on the king’s acceilion, 
1789. He married, in 1761, Eliza eldeft daughter and 
co-heirefs of the reverend Henry Finlham, M. A. by 
whom he had four children, now no more. He died on 
the 6th of January, 1795 ; and was buried in the fame 
vault where his father lies, in the cathedral of Chrift- 
churcli, Oxford. 
BER'KENHOUT (John), wasborn about the year 1730, 
at Leeds in Yorkfhire. His father, who was a merchant, 
and a native of Holland, intended him for trade; and with 
that view fent him at an early age to Germany, to learn 
foreign languages. After continuing a few years in that 
country, he made the tour of Europe in company with 
fome Englifh noblemen. On their return to Germany 
they vilited Berlin, where Mr. Berkenhout met with a 
near relation of his father’s, the baron de Bielfeldt, a no¬ 
bleman then in high eftimation with the late king of Pruf- 
fia ; diftinguifhed as one of the founders of the royal aca¬ 
demy of fciences at Berlin, and univerfally known as a po¬ 
litician and a man of letters. With this relation he fixed 
his abode for fome time ; and, regardlefs of his original 
deftination, became a cadet in a Pruflian regiment of foot. 
He foon obtained an enfign’s commiflion ; and, in a few 
years, was advanced to the rank of captain. He quit¬ 
ted the PrulTian fervice on the declaration of war between 
England and France in 1756, and had the command of a 
company in the fervice of his native country. When 
peace was concluded in 1760, lie went down to Edinburgh, 
and commenced ftudent of phyfic. During his refidence 
at that univerfity, he publilhed his Clavis Anglica Linguae 
Botanicas ; a book of fingular utility to all (Indents of bo¬ 
tany. Having continued fome years'at Edinburgh, Mr. 
Berkenhout went to the univerfity of Leyden, and in 1765 
took the degree of doctor of phyfic. Returning to Eng¬ 
land, he fettled firft at lileworth in Middlefex, afterwards 
at Winchefter in Hampfhire; and foon after publiflied his 
Pharmacopceia Medici, the third edition of which was 
printed in 17S2. In 1778, lie was fent by government 
with the commiftioners to America. Neither the com- 
niiftionefs nor their fecretary were fuft'ered by the congrefs 
to proceed farther than New-York. Dr. Berkenhout, 
however, found means to penetrate as far as Philadelphia, 
where the congrefs was then afiembled. He appears to 
have remained in that city for fome time without molefta- 
tion ; but at laft they began to fufpeift that he was fent by 
lord North for the purpofe of tampering with fome of 
their leading members. The doftor was immediately 
feized and committed to prifon. For this temporary fa- 
crifice of the emoluments of his profeflion, he obtained a 
penficn. Many years previous to this event, Dr. Berken¬ 
hout publilhed his Outlines of the Natural Hiftory of Great 
Britain and Ireland, in 3 vols. nmo. a work which eftab- 
liftied his reputation as a naturalift. He alfo wrote a pam¬ 
phlet on the Bite of a Mad Dog, which delerves to be 
univerfally read. In the year following Dr. Berkenhout 
publiflied his Symptomatology ; a book which is too uni- 
10 Y verfally 
