B E R 
rivers are the Thames, Ifis, Kenner, Ocke, I.ambonrne, 
and Loddon. It produces a great deal of corn, and great 
quantities of meal and malt are lent in barges by the river 
Thames to London. This county returns nine members 
to the Britith parliament, viz. two.for the county, one for 
the borough of Abingdon, and for Reading, Wallingford, 
and WIndfor, two each. 
Berkshire, a county of Pennfylvania, in the United 
States of North America, in which coal mines are found : 
Reading is the chief town. 
Berkshire, a county of the State of Madaehuf'ets,' in 
North America, which, in the year 17S4, contained 24,544 
inhabitants, and 87,028 acres of land in cultivation, 234,497 
acres unimproved, and 4,909 men able to bear arms. Le¬ 
nox is the chief town. 
BERKUS'SA, a town of Croatia, on the river Kulpa : 
eleven miles welt of Petrenta. 
BER'LAl, a town of Croatia, on the river Korana : 
eight miles fouth of Sluin. 
• BERLAMONT', a town of France, in the department 
of the north, and chief place of a canton, in the diftrict 
of le Quefnoy: two leagues and a quarter eaft-fouth-eaft of 
le Quefnoy, and two and a quarter north-weft of Avefnes. 
BERLASREUT', a town of Germany, in the circle of 
Bavaria : twelve miles north of Paffau. 
BER'LEBURG, a town of Germany, in the circle of 
the Upper Rhine : twenty-eight miles north-weft of Mar¬ 
burg, and fifty-fix eaft of Cologne. 
BBRLEU'X, a town of France, in the department of 
the Somme, and chief place of a canton, in the diftrift of 
Pennine : three miles fouth-weft of Peronne. 
BER’LICUM, a town.of Brabant : one league eaft of 
Bois le Due. 
BERLIN', a city of Germany, capital of the electorate 
of Brandenburg, and of the whole PrufTian dominions. 
This city is the largeft, beft built, and beft governed, of 
any in Germany. The ftreets are large, ftraight, clean, 
and well paved, and fomeof them very long and elegant. 
There are alfo feveral large and beautiful fquares, with 
pleafant walks. It is lituated on the banks of the Spree, 
which is here divided into three branches. On the fouth 
it is defended by a wall, on-the north only by pallifades ; 
it lias fifteen gates ; the ftreets are ftraight, wide, and long. 
In the year 1645, it had only 1236 houfes; in 1747, it had 
5513, and in 1779, 6 +37- In'he year 1774 the number 
of inhabitants were 104,874; of thefe 5381 were French, 
1162 Bohemians, and 3958 Jews; the garrifon, reckon¬ 
ing their attendants, amounted to 29,540 fouls, which 
may be added to the number of inhabitants. There are 
twenty-five churches, two houfes for invalids, an acade¬ 
my for faiences, another for painting, fctilpture, and ar- 
chitefture, a college of medicine, a military academy, 
four colleges, four gymnalja, many public fchools, libra¬ 
ries, and manufactories. It is compofed of five feparate 
towns, under 'he fame magiltrate. Berlin, properly fo 
called, was built in the 12th century, by a colony from 
the Netherlands, brought thither in the reign of Albert 
the Bear. Cologne, or Cxin, is joined to Berlin by a bridge 
over the Spree, which furrounds it, and forms it into an 
illand ; it was built at the fame time as Berlin, and by the 
fame people. Frederichjwerder is alfo built on an illand in 
the Spree, by the eledlor Frederjc William, and contains 
nineteen ftreets. Dorothufiadt, or Neujladt, was built by. 
the elector Frederic William, and fo named after his 
confort. Frcderichjladt, Which is the largeft of the five 
towns, was built by the eleftor Frederic III. On the new 
bridge, which is of ftone, over the Spree, is an equeftrian 
ftatue of William the Great, which is efteemed an exqui- 
fitejoiece of workmanfhip. The elector is repVefented in 
a Roman habit, and his horfe (lands on a pedeftal of white 
marble adorned with balfo relievos, and four Haves bound 
to the bale. After palling the bridge, the king’s palace 
appears, which is a grand and fuperb edifice; it is four 
ftories high, and the apartments are extremely magnificent. 
No palace in Europe has fuch'-a quantity of lilver rabies, 
Hand's, luftres, branched candlefticks, See. In the knights 
hall there is a buffet, which takes up all one fide, where 
there are bafons and cifterps of gilt lilver, of extraordinary 
magnitude. The furniture of the great apartment is ex¬ 
tremely rich ; and there is a very handfome gallery, adorn¬ 
ed with paintings, reprefenting the principal actions of 
Frdederic I. Formerly there were noble gardens to the 
palace, but they are now turned into a place of arms; 
The king’s (tables are large, and very 'magnificent: the 
mangers are of (tone, and the pillars that divide the ftalls 
are of iron, adorned with the king’s cipher, gilt; over 
the racks are pictures reprefenting the fined horfes which 
the king’s (hid has produced. Over the (tables are large 
rooms containing all forts of horfe-furniture, particularly 
the horfe-equipage of Frederic I. all the metallic part of 
which is'fgbtd, let with diamonds. Beiides thefe, there 
are handfome lodgings for the officers of the Rabies. 
The.arfen'al confiftsof four grand buildings, that form 
a court in the middle, like a college ; each front has three 
large porticos. On the principal gate is a medallion of 
Frederic II. in bronze; and the four cardinal virtues, of 
a colo!ial ftature, placed on pedeftals on each fide of the 
portico, feem to look at the portrait of the king, which 
is fupported by Fame and Vi« 5 fory. The Corinthian order 
is prevalent in the firft (tage, and is managed with a great 
deal, of art. The whole edifice is furrounded in the up¬ 
per part with a balluftrade, adorned with ftatues, among 
which is Mars feated on a trophy of feveral forts of arms. 
This altogether forms a noble and majeftic decoration. It 
is bounded with iron in the (liape of cannon, which are 
placed at proper diftances, and fupport iron chains that 
hang like feftoons, to prevent paffengers from approaching 
the windows below, The lower rooms are filled with a 
great number of brafs cannon; the walls and pillars which 
fuftain the floor are fet off with cuirafles and helmets.. 
The upper (lory contains feveral rooms filled with arms, 
which are difpofed in a curious order. Behind the arfenal 
is the houfe of the general of the artillery, which includes 
the foundery, where they are continually at work. 
The opera-houfe is an elegant modern edifice. The 
front has a noble portico fupported by Corinthian columns, 
and a pediment adorned with baffo relievos and (fatties. 
The columns that fupport the roof throw the whole into 
a grand faloon. It has three galleries, and is faid to be 
capable of containing 2000 perfons. There are feven great 
alleys or walks-, which divide Neuftadt into two parts. 
The middle walk is broader than the reft, and is fur- 
rounded with balluftrades, having a grafs-nlat in the mid¬ 
dle ; tliis is for perfons that take the air on fobt. The 
alleys on each fide are paved, and ferve for tho.fe that 
come abroad in coaches. Thefe alleys, which are about 
three miles in length, are terminated with a bar, that leads 
towards the park. The alleys with trees are bounded by 
rows of houfes. In one'of thefe is a building, formerly 
called the lifferjftaila, and now' made into lodgings for the 
guards.* The a; art men's above thefe are occupied by the 
academy of painting and ;he academy of arts and feiences. 
Behind thefe is the obfervatory, where there is a great 
number-of agronomical and mathematical inllruments. 
There are other things worthy of obfervation, Rich as the 
cabinet of medals, and of the antiquities belonging to the 
king ; that of natural curiofities ; the chemical laboratory, 
and its furnaces and medals, of a new invention : the 
theatre for anatomical demonftrations ; the royal library, 
which is one of the completed in Germany, and has many 
fcarce books and manuferipts. 
The city was taken in 1760 by an army of Ruffians, 
Andrians, Saxons, &c. who entered it on the 9th of Oft. 
They totally deftroyed the magazines, arfenals, and foun- 
deries, feized an immenfe quantity of military (lores, and 
a- number of cannon and arms ; called firft for the imme¬ 
diate payment of 800,000 guilders, and then laid on a con¬ 
tribution of 1,900,000 German crowns : not fatisfied with 
this, many irregularities were committed by the foldicry; 
but on the whole, a far better difeipline was obferverl 
than 
