B E R 
agreeable manners. The marechal took him to be his fe- 
cretary, admitted him to his intimacy, and fome time af¬ 
terwards procured him the place of iecretary-gcneral of 
the dragoons. From gratitude he attached himfclf con- 
flantly to his Maecenas, till-1756, when he was deprived 
of hint by death. He was in great requeft in all the fe- 
ledl companies of Paris, whom he delighted by that bril¬ 
liant wit, by that feducing epicurifm with which Iris verfes 
and-his airs abound, and of which fome are worthy of 
Anacreon. In 1.771 the hidden lofs of his memory put 
an end to his happpinefs. Thenceforward lie endured, in 
imbecility of mind, a fit ad e of life- far worfe than death. 
He died in this unhappy ftate, November i, 177c. Be- 
fides his lighter pieces, which got him the appellation of 
kg'cnlil Bernard, feveral operas added to his 'reputation. 
Bernard (Francis), chief phyftcian to Janie's II. i-fe 
was a man of learning, and well verfed in lrrerature. His 
own private collection of books, which were fcaree and 
curious, fold for upwards of 1600I. in 1698 .- .a large Aim 
at that time, when the paflion for rare books was much 
more moderate than now. He died February 9, 1697, 
aged fixtynine. Mr. Charles Bernard, brother to Francis, 
and furgeonto the princefs Ann. , daughter of king James, 
had alfo a curious library, which was fold by auction in 
1711. The Spaccio della Beflra triomfante, by Jordano 
Bruno, an Italian atheift, which is (aid in No. 389 of the 
Spectator to have fold for 30I. was in this lale. Mr. 
Ames informs us that this book was printed in England 
by Thomas Vautrollier in 1 '5Sep. An, Englifh edition of it 
was printed in 1713. 
Bernard (diehard), rector of Bafecombe in Sorner- 
fetfhire, was author of The (aunts Biblicus, a laborious 
work formerly much ufed by w r ay of concordance. He 
.was alfo author of an Abftraft and Epitome of the Bible. 
In 1627 he pub’if’ned A Guide to Grand Jurymen with 
refpeft to Witches, the country where he lived being, if 
we may believe Glanville, formerly much, infefted with-, 
them. He died in 1641. 
Bernard the Great (St.), a mountain in Savoy and 
Swiflerland, between Valais and the valley of Aouft, at 
the fource of the rivers Drance and Doria. The top is 
always covered with fnow : and t-liere is a great monastery 
feated thereon, where the monks always entertain travel¬ 
lers without dirtinftion of religion for three days. 
BERNAR'DI (John), born at Cartel-Botogrifeze, died 
at Faenza in 1555. This arrift employed hinrfelf chiefly 
in cutting grand fubjeCts in cryftals, which were after¬ 
wards fet in goldfmiths’ work. His proditdions have,been 
thought comparable with the bed performances of the 
ancients in this way. He was patronized by feveral 
princes, and particularly by the cardinal Alexander Far- 
nefe. He excelled likewife in architecture. 
BERN AR'DI A,j r . in botany. See A Delia. 
BER'NARDINE (St.) was born at Mafia in Tufcany, 
in 1380. In i404 he entered into a FranCifcan monartery 
near Sienna, where he became an em.in-ent preacher ; and 
was afterwards ferit to Jerufalem, as commilfary of the Holy 
Land. On his return to Italy, he Vi fifed feveral cities, 
where he preached with fiiCh app'laufe, that the cities of 
Ferrara, Sienna, and Urbirio, defined pope Eugeniu's IV. 
to appoint him their biftiop : but Bernardine refilled the 
honour, accepting only the office of vicar-general of the 
friers of'the obfervance for all Italy. He repaired and 
founded above 300 nronalleries in. that country ; died in 
x.444; was canonized in J45O by pope Eugenius; and his 
works were publifhedat Venice in 1591, in 4Vols. 4*0. 
BER'NARDINES, an order of monks, founded by 
Robert abbot of Molenie, and reformed by St. Bernard. 
They wear a white robe with a black (capillary ; and 
when they officiate they are clothed with a la:-ge gown, 
which is all White, and hath great fleeves, 'with a hood of 
the fame colour. The Bernardines differ very little from 
the Ciftercians. Tlrey had their origin toward the begin¬ 
ning o£ the 12th century. 
B E R 515 
BERNAU', a town of Germany, in the archduchy of 
Aurtria : five miles fouth of Weis. 
Bernau, a town of Germany, in the archduchy of 
Aurtria : one mile eaft of Weis. 
Bernau, a town of Germany, in the circle of Bavaria 
and Upper Palatinate, on the borders of Bohemia: Iwen- 
ty-eight miles north-eaft of Amberg. 
Bernau, a town of Germany,- in the circle of Upper 
Saxony, -and Middle Mark of Brandenburg, furrounded 
with -walls, ramparts, and ditches, containing three 
churches; the principal commerce is- beer, of which large 
quantities -are brewed in this town : fourteen miles north- 
north-eaft of Berlin, and forty-one well oi Kuftrin. 
BERN A VIL'LPl, a town of France* in the depart¬ 
ment of the Somme, and chief place of a canton, in the 
diftriiftof Dourler.s : two leagues and a half fouth-wert of 
Dourlens, 
BF.RNAY', It town of France,, and principal place of 
a dirtrift, in the department of the Eure : feven leagues 
and a half weft of Kvreux, and five well Liiieux, l.at. 49-, 
6. N. Ion. 18. 16. E. Ferro. 
B-ERNAZZA'NO (of Milan), an excellent landfcape 
painter of the 36th century. It is laid, that, having paint¬ 
ed fome ftrawberries in lre'fco upon a wall, the peacocks 
came fo often to-peck at them, that they broke the plaifter. 
BERN'BURG, a-town of Germany, in the circle of 
Upper Saxony, (he capital of Anhalt Bernburg, .and the 
relidence of the prince : fituated on the Saale. It is di¬ 
vided into Old and New Town, which had each its own 
magiftracy, till they were united in the year 1506. In 
1644, it was taken by (he Swedes. It is twenty miles 
veil of Deffau, and twenty-four fouth of Magdeburg.. 
Lat. 51.46. N. Ion. 29. 22. E. Ferro. 
BERN'CASTPIL, a town of Germany, in the circle 
of the Lower Rhine, and deflorate of Treves, fituated on 
the Mofelle : it owes its municipal privileges to the em¬ 
peror Rodolphus 1 . eighteen miles eaft-north-eaft.of Treves, 
and three weft-fouth-well of Traarback. Lat. 50. 1. No 
Ion. 24. 22. E. Ferro. 
BERNE, one of the thirteen ancient cantons of Swiffer- 
land, bounded on the eall by Uri, Unterwalden, Lhcenie;. 
and tile county of Baden ; on the north by the Auftrialr 
forert-towns, and the diftridts of Bale and Soletire; on 
t-lie well by the county of Bienne, and a part of France ; 
and on the fouth by the lake of Geneva, the Valais, and' 
the duchy of Savoy. The country is well cultivated, and 
very populous ; its length is about fixty leagues, and its 
breadth thirty. It is far the larged of all the ancient can¬ 
tons, and comprehends one-third of all Swifferland. The 
plains are fertile in corn and fruit, the lofty Alps afford 
abundance of excellent pafturage, and fupport numerous 
flocks, from whofe milk they make butter and excellent 
cheefe. The moft beautiful and mod fertile fpots are on 
the ficles of the lakes of Geneva and Neufchatel ; here 
grow the moft delicious fruits, and here they make the 
moft excellent wines. Near Berne they find a white clay, 
farther on red, white, black, arid blue. Near Grandfon 
is a blue clay, ufed for pottery; in othej: places are found 
flone of different forts, plaficr of Paris, cryftal, fiilt-fprings, 
coal, fulphur, mines of iron, copper, lead, and (ilver, 
and medicinal baths. They count thirty-nine towns, great 
and final!, and 1300 villages. The number of inhabitants 
is eltimated according to fome at 340,000., according to 
others 400,000. In fome parts of the country they (peak 
French, but German is the moft general dialed. Hordes, 
checfe, linen cloth, coarfe cloth made of hemp, cloth of 
cotton, and woollen fluffs, are the principal articles of ex¬ 
portation. They expert annually 10,000 pieces of linen, 
the principal part of which goes to Lyons. At Berne 
they have alfo manufaflures of filk, chiefly ftuffsand co¬ 
loured (lockings. In the weftern part of the mountains 
tite principal employment is clock-making and pulifhing 
falfe ftones. The principal' rivers are the Aar, the Era- 
met, the Wigger, tlie Aaa, the Rufz, the Limmat, the. 
Saneaj 
