$22 B E R 
Bervie Bay .* nine miles north of Montrofe, and twenty-three 
fouth-fouth-weft of Aberdeen. Lat. 56. 44. N. Ion. 2.4. 
W. Greenwich. 
BERVTNE, a river of the Netherlands, which palTes 
by Dalem, and runs into the Meufe, near Vifet. 
BERUL'LE (Peter), born in 1575, at the chateau de 
Serilli, near Troyes in Champagne, of a noble family, em¬ 
braced the ecclefiaftical (late, and diftinguilhed himfelf 
early in life by his piety and his learning. He got great 
repute in the famous conference of Fontainbleau, where 
Du Perron contended with Du Plellis-Mornay, called the 
pope of the Huguenots. He was Cent by Henry IV. to 
whom he was chaplain, into Spain, for the purpofe of 
bringing fome Carmelites to Paris. It was by his means 
that"his order flourifhed lo much in Prance. Urban VIII. 
rewarded the merit of Berulle by a cardinal’s hat. This 
pious man died, as the late excellent Mr. Granger died, 
while he was celebrating the lacrament. The cardinal 
fell down dead (Oft. 2, 1629,) upon the (teps of the altar, 
at the moment of confecration, as he was pronouncing the 
words “ hanc igitur oblationm." This occafioned the fol¬ 
lowing diftich : 
Ccepta fub extremis nequco dum facra facerdos 
perJicare, at faltem viElima perjiciam. 
In vain the rev’rend pontiff tries 
To terminate the facrifice ; 
Himfelf within the holy w'alls 
The heav’n-devoted viftim falls 1 
Cardinal Berulle came over with Henrietta Maria, queen 
of Charles I. to England, as her confelTor, to the court 
of which he endeared himfelf by the fanftity of his mo¬ 
rals, and the extreme propriety of his behaviour. Like 
the late learned and excellent Dr. Balguy, he po(Te(Ted the 
nolo epi/copari in the extreme!! purity of intention ; for 
when his fovereign, Louis XIII. of France, prefled him 
to take the bifiiopric of Leon, he refnfed ; and, on that 
monarch’s telling him that he (hould employ the felicita¬ 
tion of a more powerful advocate than himfelf (meaning 
the pope) to prevail upon him to accept of it, he (aid, 
“ that, if his majefty continued to prefs him, he (hould be 
obliged to quit his kingdom.” He eftabliftied the venera¬ 
ble order of the Fathers of the Oratory in France, founded 
by San Plhlippo Neri, and was a man of fuch eminent 
goodnels, that pope Leo XI. faid of him, when he faw him 
at Rome as a fimple friar, “ Father Berulle is not a man; 
he is an angel.” St. Francis de Sales, Caefar de Bus, 
cardinal Bentivoglio, &c. were among his friends and the 
admirer of his virtues. An edition of his controverfial 
and fpiritual works, publi(hed in 1644, folio, was re-printed 
in 1657 by the pp. Bourgoing and Gibieuf. 
BE'RUS, a town of France, in the department of the 
Mofelle, and chief place of a canton, in the diflrift of Sar- 
Louis: four miles fouth-fouth-weft of Sar-Louis, and two 
eaft of Bouzonville. 
BER'WENT FELLS, [of Berwent, the river, and feltz. 
Tent, a rock or cliff.] Mountains in Cumberland, through 
which the river Berwent runs. 
BERWICK (duke of), was a natural fon of James II. 
by Mrs. Arabella Churchill, fifter to the great duke of 
Marlborough. He followed the fate of his father, and 
went into France after the revolution. He was created 
marflial of France, knight of the Holy Ghoft, duke and 
peer of P'ranee, grandee of Spain, commander in chief of 
the French armies ; in all which ftations his behaviour was 
fuch, that few equalled, perhaps none furpafied, him. He 
lived in an age when the renowned prince of Orange and 
many other of the greateft men commanded againft him. 
His courage was cool and fteady ; always poirefling him¬ 
felf ; not raftily, or wantonly, throwing away the lives of 
his foldiers. He kept up on all occafions a very drift dif- 
cipline ; yet was uniformly the foldier’s friend. He was 
killed by a cannon-ball, at the fiege of Philipftmrgh, 
in 1-738. 
Berwick, ariverofNew Hampfltire, in North America. 
B E R 
Berwick-upon-Tweed, a town (hnated on the nortij 
or Scotch fide of the Tweed, and a county of itfelf, regu. 
larly fortified with walls, baftions, and ditches. The town 
is of much lefs extent than formerly ; thy old caftle, now 
gone to decay, lies at fome diftance from the ramparts. 
The barracks are large and convenient. There is a fine 
bridge over the Tweed, built by queen Elizabeth ; a noble 
(lately work, confiding of fifteen arches, and joining, as 
may be faid, the two kingdoms. From a hill, on the Eng. 
lilh fide of the river, is a very fine view of the town, the 
bridge, the Tweed, and the fea-. The length of the bridge 
is 947 feet. Great quantities of wool is exported from this 
town : eggs in vaft abundance, collefted through all the 
country almoft as far as Carlifie ; they are packed up in 
boxes, with the thick end downwards, and are fent to 
London for the ufe of fugar-refiners. The falmon fifheries 
here are very confiderable, and hkewife-bring vaft Aims ; 
they lie on each fide the river, and are all private proper, 
ty, except what belongs to the dean and chapter of Dur*- 
ham, which in rent and tythe of fifti brings in 450I. per 
annum; for all the other fifheries are liable to tythe. The 
common rents are 50I. a-year, for which tenants have a$ 
much Ihore as ferves to launch out and draw their nets on ; 
the limits of each are flaked : one man goes oft' in a fmall 
flat-bottomed boat, fquare at one end, and, taking as large a 
circuit as his net admits, brings it on-fhore at the extremity 
of his boundary, where others aflift in landing it. The 
bed fiftiery is on the fouth fide; very fine (almon-trout are 
often taken, which come up to fpawn from the fea, and 
return in the fame manner as the falmon do. The chief 
import is timber from Norway and the Baltic. It is go¬ 
verned by a mayor, recorder, town-clerk, and four bailiffs, 
and fends two members to the Britifh parliament. 
This place belonged formerly to Scotland, was the ca¬ 
pital of Berwickftiire, and one of the four tow ns where 
the royal boroughs of Scotland held their convention. It 
was long the bone of contention between England ancl 
Scotland, and often poflTeifed by each. Edward I. firft 
took it from the Scots, but it was afterwards feveral times 
taken and retaken, till Thomas lord Stanley reduced it to 
the obedience of Edward IV. from which time it was pof- 
feffed by the Englifh. The following (lory is related by 
the Scottifh hiftorians on occafion of the liegfe it underwent 
in 1332, by Edward II. in perfon:—When the king came 
before the town, where Sir Alexander Seton was then go. 
vernor, he fummoned him to furrender, and threatened to 
hang his two fons, whom he had among his hoflages, if 
he delayed. Accordingly a gallows was erefted near the 
town wall, and the young men were led forth. Tender- 
nefs for his children began to move the governor, when 
his lady (of the name of Cheyne) came and told him, 
“ He and (he were both young enough to have more chil¬ 
dren ; but, if he furrendered, he could never retrieve his 
honour.” Upon this, he refufed, and the tyrant cruelly 
murdered the young gentlemen ; but the lady was rew ard¬ 
ed with two fons afterwards. It was incorporated as early 
as the reign of Edward I. and its charter was confirmed 
by Edward III. with fome additions; particularly that it 
fhould be governed by the laws and ufages which it en¬ 
joyed during the time of king Alexander, that is, before its 
reduftion by Edward I. But, tho’ it hath fome local pecu¬ 
liarities, derived from the ancient laws of Scotland, yet it 
is clearly part of the realm of England, being reprefented 
by burgeffes in the houfe of commons, and bound by all 
afts in the Britilh parliament, whether fpecially named or 
otherwife. And therefore it was perhaps fuperfluoufly 
declared by 20 Geo. II. c. 42. that where England only is 
mentioned, in any aft of parliament, the fame notwith- 
ftanding hath been, and (hall be, deemed to comprehend, 
the dominion ofWales, and town of Berwick-upon-Tweed. 
And though certain of the king’s writs or proceffes of the 
courts of Weftminfter do not ufually run into Berwick, 
any more than into Wales, yet it hath been folemnly ad¬ 
judged, that all prerogative writs (as thofe of mandamus, 
prohibition, habeas corpus, certiorari, &c.) may ififue to 
Berwick, 
