256 
SUN-FLOWER, &C. 
Golds, or Gouldes, is a name given by the 
country people to a variety of yellow flowers, 
and the name of the Virgin Mary has been 
added to many plants which were anciently, 
for their beauty, named after Venus, of which 
the Marygold is one : Costmary, the Virgin 
Mary’s Costus, is another. 
“ The Field Marygold is a native of most 
parts of Europe, and differs but little from the 
garden Marygold, except in being altogether 
smaller. 
“ There are many varieties of the Garden 
Marygold; one of "which, the Proliferous, 
called by Gerarde the Fruitful Marygold, is, 
as he says, ‘ called by the vulgar sort of 
women, Jack-an-apes on horse-back.’ Al¬ 
though this species of Marygold is generally 
yellow, there is a variety with purple flowers. 
“ Linneeus has observed that the Marygold 
is usually open from nine in the morning to 
three in the afternoon. This circumstance 
attracted early notice, and on this account the 
plant has been termed Soiisequa (Sun-fol¬ 
lower) ; and Solis sponsa, Spouse of the sun. 
“ The Heliotrope is the same with the 
T urnsole,both names being derived from words 
which signify to turn with the sun. 
“ The Sun-flower is of the class Syngen- 
esia, and order Polygamies Frustanea : the 
Marygold of the same class, but of the order 
Polygamies Necessaria ; and the Heliotrope of 
the class Pentandria, and order Monogynies.” 
