Archer, Phaeographis and Phaeographina (Graphidaceae) 
335 
Notes: Phaeographina caesiopruinosa is characterised by conspicuous open lirellae with 
white pruinose discs bordered by the black exciple, the large muriform ascospores and 
the absence of lichen compounds. The ascospores are initially hyaline and may 
remains so for sometime (Redinger 1933) before becoming pale brown to brown. 
Specimens with hyaline muriform ascospores may be mistaken for Graphina species 
but old, brown, shrivelled ascospores are also usually present in Phaeographina 
specimens. The recent specimen from Brisbane (cited below) has hyaline ascospores 
but the older specimens from Kuranda and Mt French have pale brown ascospores; 
otherwise the three specimens are morphologically and chemically identical. 
Phaeographina caesiopruinosa was first reported from Australia by Muller (1891). In a 
recent examination of Bailey's specimen (BRI 492631), on which Muller based his 
report, no ascospores were found although the specimen superficially resembled 
P. caesiopruinosa. 
Specimens examined: Queensland: Mt French, 6 km SW of Boonah, Verdon 5181, Jan 1983 (CANB); 
Black Mountain, 25 km NW of Kuranda, Elix 17548, Jul 1984 (CANB); Ennogara Dam, c. 10 km 
WNW of Brisbane, Stevens s.it., Nov 1999 (herb. Stevens). 
Phaeographina caesioradians (Leight.) Redinger (Fig. Id, 2d) 
(Redinger 1933: 99). 
Graphina caesioradians (Leight.) Mull. Arg. 
(Muller 1894: 92). 
Graphis caesioradians Leight. 
(Leighton 1869: 176). 
Type: Ceylon [Sri Lanka]: Central Province, G.H.K Tlnvaites CL 71 (holo BM). 
Phaeographina caesioltians (Nyl.) Redinger 
(Redinger 1936a: 100). 
Graphis caesioltians (Nyl.) Zahlbr. 
(Zahlbruckner 1923: 296). 
Fissurina caesioltians Nyl. 
(Nylander 1891:13). 
Type: North Borneo. Labuan: s. loc. E. Almquist s.n. (holo H-NYL). 
Thallus pale olive green, thin, corticolous, surface smooth and shiny; apothecia 
lirelliform, conspicuous, numerous, scattered, straight, curved or sinuous, often 
branched, sessile, lips open, disc white pruinose, with a conspicuous thalline margin, 
1-4 mm long, 0.3-0.4 mm wide; carbonised proper exciple absent, or rarely weakly 
apically carbonised; hymenium 75-100 pm tall; ascosores 8 per ascus, pale brown, 
ellipsoid, 23-35 pm long, 10-13 pm wide, 6-8 x 2-3 locular. 
Chemistry: no lichen compounds found. 
Distribution: occurs in Brazil, Labuan, Sri Lanka and Hawaii; in Australia it is found 
in the Northern Territory and northern Queensland. The only reported substrate in 
Australia is Alphitonia. 
Notes: Phaeographina caesioradians is characterised by open lirellae with a conspicuous 
thalline margin, small ascospores and the absence of both a carbonised exciple and any 
lichen compound. These features distinguish the species from the new species 
P. montiscalvi which has closed lirellae and contains stictic acid. The species resembles 
