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we have not seen specimens of either species from East Java. J. zvallichianus seems to 
be more common in Central Java than in West Java and vice versa for J. leschenaultii. 
Notes: Despite having unitubulose leaves, this species has been confused in New 
Guinea and elsewhere with the more robust, pluritubulose Australasian 
J. prismatocarpus. Buchenau also linked it with the more slender, pluritubulose 
J. leschenaultii as infraspecific taxa together under /. prismatocarpus. This species differs 
from both J. prismatocarpus and /. leschenaultii in having terete, unitubulose leaves and 
culms, tepals that are frequently reddish or red-tinged, and a broader capsule. It also 
differs from /. leschenaultii in being generally more robust, and having tepals with 
broader hyaline margins (especially so in New Guinea), usually broader (1-2 mm 
wide) yellowish membranous or chartaceous leaf margins (narrower and hyaline or 
whitish membranous in /. leschenaultii), and a capsule that is usually acute to broad- 
acute, contracting rather abruptly to a shortish beak. 
This is a variable species, as currently recognised by us, including several possibly 
distinct forms in India, Nepal, Yunnan, Java and New Guinea. More material is needed 
to better assess the extent of this variation. The New Guinea material differs from 
much of the other material in having the capsule only slightly exceeding the tepals 
whereas elsewhere it often greatly exceeds the tepals. Tire New Guinea material has 
rather broader capsules and tepals 2.5-3 mm long. The Javan material matches 
material from southern India (equating to J. monticola Steud., if that taxon is ever 
separated from J. zvallichianus), with the capsule usually exceeding or equalling the 
tepals, the capsule more or less long-acute, the tepals 3-3.7 mm long and pale. Tire 
concept of /. monticola has been confused in the literature by some authors who have 
used the name for a pluritubulose species, for example. Walker (1976) used it instead 
of J. zvallichianus, putting the latter into its synonymy. 
Satake (in Hara 1966: 403) cited his own species J. koidzumii Satake as a synonym of 
']. monticola'. The type of J. koidzumii (seen on loan from TI) fits within the variation 
that we recognise here within J. zvallichianus. It is proliferous, but that is not unusual in 
/. zvallichianus, which often proliferates from the flower clusters. 
Selected collections examined: SUMATRA: En route from Simpangtanjungnanempat to Danau 
(Lake) Talang, Kabupaten Solok, 1650-1740 m, H. Nagatnasu 3738, 25 Feb 1989 (L). 
JAVA: Dieng Plateau, R. Brinkman 877a, Apr 1938 (L); SE Java, H. Forbes 923, 1880-82 (BM, P); Marais 
de Dieng, 2050 m, B. Hochreutiner 2444, 6 Nov 1904 (L); s. loc., T. Horsfield 1074, - (BM); Dieng 
Plateau, Talaga Wama near Sulphur Springs, 2000 m. Central Java, W. Meijer 2778, 30 Apr-1 May 
1954 (K, L); Res. Priangan, G. Papandajan, 2400 m, C. van Steenis 4090, 21 Jan 1930 (K). 
NEW GUINEA: West Papua: 3225 m camp. Lake Habbema, L. Brass 9046, Aug 1939 (BRI, CANB, 
K. L); Wissel Lake region, 1750 m, P. Eyma 4388, 22 Jan 1939 (L); Angi Lakes, 7000 ft [1235 m], 
L. Gibbs 5927, Dec 1913 (BM, K); Arfak, Angigita Lake, 1800 m, Vogelkop, A. Kostennans 2209, 9-22 
Oct 1948 (L); Baliem-Wamena river valley, N of Mt Trikora, grassland at 3100 m, f.-F. Mangen 617, 
25 Aug 1983 (L); Anggi Gita Lake, Bivouac Noordpool, 1850 m, H. Sleumer B W14019 and W. Vink, 
9 Jan 1962 (CANB, L); E foot of Pekeglbaro, Kebo, Wissel Lakes, 1760 m, W. Vink BW 8960 and 
F. Schram, 28 May 1960 (CANB, L, LAE). 
Papua New Guinea: Urunu, Vanapa Valley, L. Brass 4804, July-Aug 1933 (BRI); Kosipi, near 
Woitape, 1860 m. Central Distr., L. Craven 2805,2829,28 June 1974 (CANB); Lake Inim, 8300 ft [2660 
m], J. Flenley ANU 2157, Dec 1964 (CANB, L); Ibiwara, Tari Gap, 8400 ft [2700 m], A. Gillison NGF 
25104, 8 June 1966 (CANB, K, L, LAE (n.v.)), NGF 25169, 17 June 1966 (L, LAE (n.v.)); near Minima 
village. Upper Asaro Valley, c. 1800 m, Goroka Subdistrict, 11. Hoogland and R. Pullen 5394, Jun 1956 
(BM, BRI, CANB, K, L, MEL); near Tomba village, S slope of Mt Hagen Range, c. 2650 m, Hagen 
Subdistrict, R. Hoogland 6024 and R. Pullen, Aug 1956 (BM, BRI, CANB, L, MEL); along Komum 
River, E of Korn, Upper Wahgi Valley, c. 1500 m, Hagen Subdistrict, R. Hoogland 6244 and R. Pullen, 
Sep 1956 (CANB, L); Sugarloaf complex [along Wapu River], c. 9500 ft [c. 2900 m], Wabag 
Subdistrict, R. Hoogland 7176 and II. Schodde, July 1960 (CANB, L); Yobobos grassland area [source 
