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1 Tepals 1.7-3.0 mm long, straw-coloured, occasionally with red-brown bands beside the 
midrib; capsule golden brown to red-brown; cataphylls straw-coloured for Vi - 3 A of their 
length, red-brown only near the base 
2 Tepals 1.7-2.2 mm long; capsule golden to dark golden brown; cataphylls straw-coloured for 
upper Vz-Vi of their length. (Eastern Asia, ?Peninsular Malaysia). subsp. decipiens 
2* Tepals 2.1-3.1 mm long; capsule dark golden brown to red-brown; cataphylls straw- 
coloured for upper 'A-'A of their length. (Taiwan, Philippines, Borneo, Java, New Guinea) 
....... subsp. medianus 
1* Tepals 3.0-4.0(?-4.5) mm long, straw-coloured with dark red-brown bands beside midrib; 
capsule very dark red-brown; cataphylls straw-coloured in upper l A—V :3 but usually red- 
brown for rest of their length. (Sumatra). subsp. sundaicus 
J. decipiens subsp. decipiens 
Culms 30-80 cm long, 1.0-2.0 mm diam.; striations c. 20-50. Cataphylls 8-16 cm long, 
abaxially straw-coloured for V2-V4 of their length above to red-brown at base. 
Inflorescence 2-3 cm long; lowest involucral bract 8-20 cm long. Tepals acuminate to 
acute, straw-coloured, with more or less broad hyaline margins; outer tepals 1.9-2.2 mm 
long. Anthers 0.3-0.5 mm long, shorter than filament length. Capsule slightly 
exceeding to equalling outer tepals, narrow-ellipsoid to ovoid, golden brown to dark 
golden brown, umbonate. Seeds 0.4-0.5 mm long. 
Illustrations: Makino (1964: 821, 822, as /. effusus var. decipiens and forma utilis 
respectively); Kao and De Vol (1978: pi. 302, as J. effusus var. decipiens). 
Distribution: Eastern Asia (Thailand, eastern India, China, Korea, Japan). It is possibly 
in the Cameron Highlands of Peninsular Malaysia, but only one incomplete specimen 
(Sinclair 4956 ) purportedly from there has been seen. It is known only from a couple 
of higher altitude localities in northern Thailand (Larsen 1972). 
Notes: This has usually been treated in Asian Floras as J. effusus var. decipiens, for 
example, in Ohwi (1965: 275) and Kao and De Vol (1978). 
This typical subspecies has shorter tepals than the other two subspecies, lacks red 
coloration on the capsule, and has less red coloration on the external (abaxial) surface 
of the cataphylls than in the other subspecies. It is used for making tatami mats in 
Japan and also as a source of medicinal drugs in China and Malaysia (Walker 1976: 
302; Burkill 1935:1272). In Malaysia, Burkill (1935) regarded material of this species as 
being imported from China by merchants. 
Selected collections examined: 7MALAYSIA: Cameron Highlands, Sinclair 4956, - (L). 
CHINA: Hong Kong, Tai Mo Shan Peak, Shiu Ying Hu 7607, 17 May 1969 (K); Flora of Chumbi, 
Too-li-la, Dr King's Collector 607, 28 May 1884 (MEL); near the White Cloud Monastery, Canton, 
T. Sampson 843, 4 May 1879 (MEL); Din Shum Tso, P'ing T'ou Shan, T'ang Wan Village, Hunan, 
W.T. Tseng 23609, 17-30 Apr 1934 (NSW); Tsun-Wan, New Territory, W.T. Tseng 29767, 29 Apr 1940 (UC). 
JAPAN: Hakodate, O. Menzel, 1861 (NSW 451169); Honshu, Yamanashi Pref., Uchino-mura, 
Minamitsuru-gun, 950 m alt., M. Togaslii 38, 29 July 1985 (K ex TNS); Honshu, Mt Zaozan in Echigo, 
M. Togasi TNS 1757, 13 June 1958 (K, NSW, P ex TIMS); Simoda, Tolkin, - (MEL ex LE). 
KOREA: Quelpaert, U. Faurie 2246, Aug 1907 (P); ?loc., Gilbert, 1903 (UC); c. 1000 yards [1 km] S 
of Imjan River, /. Small, 3-4 June 1952 (NSW 451168). 
THAILAND: Doi Ngao Ng Chen, c. 1200 m, A.F.G. Kerr 5438, 13 May 1921 (BM, K, L); Doi Pakom 
Pok, Ng Fang, c. 1600 m, A.F.G. Kerr 5185, 2 Apr 1921 (BM, K, L). 
LAOS: Muang Cha, Chingkwang, c. 1100 m, A.F.G. Kerr 20989, 9 Apr 1932 (BM, K); Phou San, Prov. 
Xieng Khiuang, J. Vidal 1584, 8 Apr 1952 (P). 
INDIA: Cherrapunjee, Khasi Hills, 4000 ft [1220 m], Thakur Rup Clwnd 5500, 28 Apr 1952 (L). 
