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10. Juncus alatus Franch. et Sav. 
(Franchet and Savatier 1877-78: 98, 534) 
Type citation: 'In orizetis: Nippon media, ad Simoda ( Savatier , n. 1357); ad pedem 
montis Fudsi yama (id., n. 3477).' 
Types: P. Savatier 1357; syn ?K, ?P ( Savatier s.n., Simoda). P. Savatier 3477; syn ?K, ?P 
(Savatier s.n., ad pedem montis Fudsi yama ). 
Illustrations: Makino (1964: 823). 
This pluritubulose-leaved species is native to China and Japan. It has very strongly 
winged, flattened culms (commonly 3-4 mm wide), 6 stamens, and the capsule only 
shortly exceeding the tepals. The capsule shape is broader and less elongated than that 
of J. prismatocarpus and J. diastrophanthus and there are generally fewer flowers per 
cluster than in those species.The capsule shape is similar to that of ]. leschenaultii but 
that species has much narrower, scarcely winged culms and stamens usually 3 
(occasionally to 6). 
Selected collections examined: CHINA: Nanking, Spirit-Valley, Kiangsu Province, C.Y Chiao 
14895, 3 Feb 1927 (K, 2 sheets); Su-tchuen oriental, district de Tchen-Keou-Tin, alt. 2500 m, R. Farges 
1256, 3 July 1899 (P); Patung district, A. Henry 1794, 1887 (K); Lushan, Lulin (Jiangxi), 900 m, Nie 
M.-X. 92152, 31 May 1992 (K ex PE); Tai Pei Shan, W. Purdom, 1910 (K); Tai pai Shan - Shansi, W. 
Purdom, - (K); Kewkiang, Dr Shearer, 1873 (K); P'ing T'ou Shan, T'ang Wan Village (Yi Chang 
district), Hunan, W.T. Tsang 23760, 1-13 May 1934 (NSW, P ex A); Si Chuan, Guan Xian, Qishuping, 
1350 m, Wang Z .- T. et at. 870221, 29 July 1987 (NSW ex PE). 
JAPAN: Japan, F.V. Dickins, July 1876 (K); Japan, U. Faurie 1808, 1898 (K, P); Kiusiu, Maximowicz 
Iter Secundum, 1862 (K, P); Ogura prope Kyoto, Hondo, J. Ohiui 9198, 13 June 1937 (K); Simoda, 
Savatier Plantae Japonicae 1866-1871 (series primal no. 1978, - (P); Akabane, Bank of River Arakawn, 
Tokyo, Hondo, S. Suzuki 438-1, 30 May 1937 (K). 
KOREA: Quelpaert, U. Faurie 2251, Aug 1907 (P). 
11. ’’'Juncus articulatus L. 
(Linnaeus 1753: 327) 
Type: Europe. 
J. lampocarpus Efirh. ex Hoffm. (Hoffmann 1800:166). Type citation: Ehrhart 'gram. 126'. 
Note that the 1791 edition of this work includes brief but adequate treatments of 
various species but not of J. lampocarpus. In the 1800 edition, J. lampocarpus is described 
in a note following J. acutiflorus on p. 166. The epithet has often been misspelt as 
'lamprocarpus'. 
Illustrations: Nilsson and Snogerup (1972: fig. 74); Snogerup (1985: fig. 1(32)); 
Clemants (1990: 43); Wilson et al. (1993: 286). 
This unitubulose-leaved species is probably native to Europe, Central and Southwest 
Asia, northern Africa, and temperate North America but introduced very widely in 
other regions, including eastern Asia, Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, 
Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia, Western Australia) and New Zealand (North 
Island, South Island, Stewart Island, Chatham Islands, Auckland Island, Campbell 
Island). It has 6 stamens, whereas the native unitubulose Asian species have 3 stamens 
except J. krameri Franch. & Sav., which often has 6 stamens. The capsule of J. articulatus 
is usually red-brown to dark red-brown, with an acuminate to obtuse apex, and 
shortly exceeding the tepals. This combination of features is not seen in the native species. 
