388 
Telopea 9(2): 2001 
? x /. togakushiensis Leveille (1912: 352). Type citation: 'Togakushi, septembr. 1898 (Urb. 
Faurie, 1796)'. Type: Togakushi, U. Faurie 1796, Sep 1898; holo E (n.v.; cited by McKean 
1988: 156); iso? K, P. 
Illustrations: Makino (1964: 825). 
This pluritubulose-leaved species has rather broad, strongly flattened leaves and 
culms, similar to those of /. prismntocarpus and ]. alatus, all three of them being coarser 
than in J. leschenaultii. The capsule of J. diastrophanthus is very narrow and elongated 
like that of ]. prismatocarpus ; the capsule in ]. leschenaultii and J. alatus is shorter and 
relatively broader. There is some variation in number of flowers per cluster and 
therefore of perceived density of the clusters in the material of this species seen. The 
two syntypes are relatively few-flowered, as is much other material, but some other 
collections differ in having much denser clusters and often rather more elongated 
capsules (e.g. U. Faurie 1796 (K, P)). That Faurie collection is the type number for 
x J. togakushiensis Leveille. However, neither of the sheets seen by us (in K and P) has 
been annotated by Leveille, and we have not yet seen the holotype sheet (which is 
cited by McKean (1988: 156) as being in E with the rest of Leveille's herbarium). It 
seems unlikely to be a hybrid of /. leschenaulti with the distantly related ]. ensifolius 
Wikstr. (/. xiphioides auct.) as suggested by the original author. McKean identified the 
holotype specimen as being J. ensifolius. We have not seen the holotype but the two 
probable isotypes seen by us in K and P are /. diastrophanthus. 
Selected collections examined: JAPAN: Kuroishi, U. Faurie 1292 p.p., 29 Sep 1889 (K, P); Togakushi, 
U. Faurie 1796 ,17 July 1898 (K, P); Tidesan, U. Faurie 1798 ,30 Aug 1898 (K); Aomori Pref., Tsugaru 
Peninsula, Nishitsugaru-gun, Kakure-numa, H. Hara et at., 15 Sep 1974 (K); Omagari, Tanabu-machi, 
Shimokita Peninsula, Prov. Matsu, Hondo, M. Mizushima 1650, 4 Aug 1955 (TI); Aomori Pref., 
Simokitagun, Saimura, H. Mora 16689, 22 Sep 1956 (K); Hakodate, Yezo, T. Satow 5324 ,1926 (TI); 
Komazawa, Setagaya, Tokyo, Hondo, S. Suzuki 438-2 ,18 Aug 1937 (K); Shiramine in Kaga, Honshu, 
M. Togasi TSM 1077, 6 Sep 1954 (NSW ex TNS); Yunokawa, Prov. Osima, I. Yamamoto 8377, 6 Aug 
1937 (TI). 
13. Juncus krameri Franch. et Sav. 
(Franchet and Savatier 1877-78: 99, 534). 
Type citation: 'In orizetis: Nippon, circa Simoda ( Savatier, n. 1354).' 
Type: Japan: Simoda, P. Savatier 1354; holo K?, P? (n.v.). 
Illustrations: Makino (1964: 824). 
This unitubulose-leaved species is native to Japan and China. It is also recorded for 
Korea and the Kuriles by Kitagawa (1979: 162). It is distinctive in having a more 
compact inflorescence, i.e. with more densely clustered flower-clusters, and more 
strongly incurved tepals than the other species discussed here. Its culms are distinctive 
in looking minutely but strongly puncticulate and somewhat scaberulous (at least 
when dried). Franchet and Savatier (1877-78: 535) described the culms and leaves as 
being covered in 'petites asperites blanches papilleuses'. We have not seen live plants 
of this taxon, but cross-sectioning dried culms shows that stomates have large air¬ 
spaces under them, so the external appearance of the culm is apparently owing to the 
'collapse' of tissues into the air-spaces at least when dried (see also discussion under 
J. papillosus below). The capsule of J. krameri shortly exceeds the tepals, as in 
/. articulatus, J. zuallichianus and /. virens Buchenau. Stamens are usually 4-6 (rarely 3), 
whereas J. articulatus has 6 stamens and the other species have 3 stamens (occasionally 
4 in }. virens). 
