Mabberley, Jarvis and Juniper, The name of the apple 
423 
Pyrus mains L., Sp. PI.: 479,1200 (1753) = Malus pumila Mill., Gard. Diet. Ed. 8: Malus 
n. 3 (1768), (unidentified cv.) 
Type: Cultivated in Europe, Herb. Linn. 647.3 (LINN, fiche seen; lecto selected by 
Ghora & Panigrahi, Fam. Rosaceae in India 2: 375, t. 72A (1995)). 
Malus pumila is the earliest specific name in Malus for any plant, wild or cultivated, 
derived from the variable wild apple populations of Central Asia. See below. 
Some, at least, of the varieties Linnaeus recognised seem to represent what might be 
thought of today as cultivar groups, now 'typified' by particular cultivars: 
Pyrus malus L. var. cavillea L., Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1: 686 (1762) = Malus pumila Mill. 
'Calville Rouge d'Automne' 
casillta, £• Mala fativa, frudlu magno intenfe rubentc , viola 
odore. 7 turntf, i»fi. 
Fig. 2. Linnaeus's entry for Pyrus malus var. cavillea. 
Type: Cultivated at National Fruit Collection [Accession 1949011 - ex W. Barnes, 
Bexhill, England, Oct. 1949], Brogdale, Faversham, Kent, England, 20 May 1999, 
£-/. Lamont 1309 p.p.(fl.), (neo, designated here: NSW; isoneo: BM, FHO; epitype [same 
tree, lvs, 5 Aug. 1999, E.-J. Lamont 1309 p.p]: NSW; iso-epi: BM, FHO). 
There is no extant original material; none survives in any of Linnaeus's herbaria, and 
although Linnaeus cited a Toumefort binomial, it cannot be linked to anything other 
than a generalised illustration describing a number of different taxa. He did not study 
Toumefort's specimens (in any case no material of this taxon survives in Tournefort's 
herbarium at P). Poiret (1804) noted, "On distingue le calvil d'automne & le calvil blanc 
ou calvil d'ete ", grouping them under 'Le Calvil' with Linnaeus's and Tournefort's 
names as synonyms. 
Although it was being grown in at least South Australia around 1916, this apple is 
apparently no longer in Australia, though other 'Calville' cultivars are still found here 
(Clive Winmill, pers. comm.). 
Pyrus malus L. var. cestiana L., Sp. PI. 1: 479 (1753) = Malus pumila Mill. 'Court- 
Pendu Plat' 
Type: Cultivated, from material grown in Badger's Keep Nursery, Chewton, Victoria, 
Australia, 31 Mar. 1999, fr. [dried and in spirit], D.J. Mabberley, K. Robertson & 
C. Winmill 2474 (neo designated here: NSW; isoneo: BM, FHO, L, MEL). 
There is no extant original material in any of the Linnaean herbaria. Linnaeus cited 
Bauhin & Cherler (1650:21) but that is not accompanied by an illustration, nor can any 
supporting material be found at UPS, or at BAS (Heinz Schneider, pers. comm.). 
A neotype has therefore been designated. This apple has been known in cultivation for 
some 400 years. 
Pyrus malus L. var. epirotica L., Sp. PI. 1: 480 (1753) = Malus pumila Mill. 'Pomme 
d'Api' 
Type [icon]: 'Pomme d'Api' — R. Hogg, Herefordshire Pomona t. 74, f. 2 (1876-85) 
(neotype selected here). 
