Mabberley, Jarvis and Juniper, The name of the apple 
427 
= P. mcilus L. var. pumila (Mill.) A. Henry in Henry & Elwes, Trees Brit. Irel. 6 : 1570 
(1912), nom. superfl. pro P. malus var. paradisiaca. 
= M. sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. pnradisiaca (L.) L.H. Bailey, Hortus Sec.: 457 (1941). 
sM. sylvestris (L.) Mill, subsp. pnradisiaca (L.) Soo, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 18:175 (1973). 
= M. praecox (Pall.) Borkh. var. paradisiaca (L.) Valev, FI. Reip. Pop. Bulg. 5: 347 (1973). 
= AT domestica Borkh. var. paradisiaca (L.) Lich., Trudy Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selek. 52(3): 21 
(1974), nom. illeg. 
= M. domestica Borkh. subsp. pumila (Mill.) Likh., FI. Kul't. SSSR14:69 (1983), nom. illeg. 
= P. malus L., Sp. PI. 1: 479,2:1200 (1753). 
Type: see above. 
- Sorbus malus (L.) Crantz, Stirp. Austr. Fasc. 2: 57 (1763). 
- M. sylvestris Moench, Meth.: 680 (1794); Karstesz & Gandhi, Phytol. 73: 131 (1992); 
non (L.) Mill. (1768). 
= M.* communis Desf., FI. Atlantica 1: 398 (1798). 
- M. domestica Borkh., Theor-Prakt. Handb. Forstbot. 2: 1271 (1803), nom. illeg., 
superfl.; Korban & Skirvin, HortSci. 19: 177 (1984). 
= Pyrenia malus (L.) [Clairv.], Man. Herb. Suisse: 162 (1811). 
= Pyrus sylvestris Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. PI.: 2: 562 (1821), nom. superfl. 
= M. pumila Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) C.K. Schneid., Ill. Handb. Laubh. 1: 715, t. 396 
(1906). 
= P. pumila (Mill.) Steud. var. domestica (Borkh.) Asch. & Graebner, Syn. Mitt. FI. 6 ,2: 77 
(1906). 
= M. dasyphylla Borkh. var. domestica (Borkh.) Koidz., Acta Phyt. Geob. 3: 189 (1934). 
Note. Of the names in Malus based on Pyrus malus L., and therefore on its type specimen, the 
earliest (but see P. malus var. sylvestris above) are M. communis Desf. (1798) and M. domestica Borkh. 
(1803). Malus communis, despite being published in a major Flora, has been overlooked (it is not 
listed in Index Keioensis for example) and M. domestica was long considered to be a species of Sorbus 
(see, e.g. , Index Keivetisis). The latter, a superfluous name, has only relatively recently been 
resuscitated, though Borkhausen (1803) implied it was in use, if not in print, before 1803. Although 
earlier he (Borkhausen 1797) had followed Medikus (1793) in splitting off Malus from Pyrus, he 
himself certainly did not use M. domestica then. Index Londinensis lists Malus communis as published 
in 1797, though the cited plate actually appeared in 1794, but its accompanying letterpress with 
the name M. communis was not published in the work cited until 1819. 
= Pyrus malus L. var. cestiana L., Sp. PI.: 479 (1753). 
Type: see above. 
= Pyrus malus L. var. epirotica L., Sp. PI.: 480 (1753). 
Type: see above. 
[= P. epirotica (L.) Steud., l.c., nom. in synon.] 
= Pyrus malus L. var. prasomila L., Sp. PL: 479 (1753). 
Type: see above. 
= Malus communis Desf. var. prasomila (L.) Desf., l.c. 
s P. parasomila Steud., op. cit: 671 (1821). 
3 P prasomila (L.) Steud., l.c. 
= M.* prasomila (L.) Poit. & Turpin in Duhamel, Traite nouv. ed. 5: t. Ill (1810 
‘prosomila’). 
