11 
[XII] 
t 
JfHk-mas. 
MALE EEBN. 
CfffJHIS is one of our most abundant species. The young fronds appear early in the Spring, and 
2|f|g survive the winter. 
The rhizome is tufted and covered with brown scales, as is also the stem, which is short and 
stout. 
The fronds are from one to four feet in length; they are pinnate, the lower pinnae being pinnate, 
the upper ones pinnatifid. 
The seed is produced in circular clusters, on the under surface of the lobes, half way between 
the mid-vein and the margin. 
Abundant everywhere in hedge-rows, and in woods. 
There is a variety rather abundant in some parts of Wales, in which the pinnae are pinnate, and 
the pinnules are deeply serrated: fronds often occur, in which the pinnae are bifid, or divided near 
the extremity. 
€nlkxt 
This species is readily cultivated, requiring a light porous soil. 
