33 
F R E 
F R E 
one hand, and of the ojipofite dates ?n both, on the 
oiher, and adapts his pathologTcal and curative ideas to 
this theory. The work was very favourably received, 
and though it met withoppugners, raifed him into gene¬ 
ral reputation. In 1704 he was appointed to read che- 
mical ledbures before the univerfity. In thefe he at¬ 
tempted to explain all chemical operations upon mecha¬ 
nical and phyfjcal principles. Dr. John Keil was the 
firft who made this attempt, and Freind purfued it with 
ingenuity and clearnefs of method, though his fuccefs 
has not been fufficient to place him high among chemical 
philofophers. The ledtures were fome years afterwards 
publiflied, with a dedication to fir Ifaac Newton. In 
J705 he accompanied the earl of Peterborough in his 
Spanifh expedition, in quality of pliyfician to the Eng- 
lilh troops. He was abroad nearly two years, and re¬ 
turned through Italy, raking Rome in his way, where 
lie vifired the eminent phyficians Baglivi and Lancifi. It 
appears that he was much in the confidence of lord Peter¬ 
borough, whofe conduct he vindicated after his return, 
in a publication printed in 1707. During that year he 
was created doflor of phyfic by diploma, and publiflied 
his chemical ledtures. He was afterwards admitted into 
the royal fociety. In 1712 he attended the duke of Or¬ 
mond as his phyfician in his campaign in Flanders. From 
this time he refided chiefly in London, where he rofe to 
high profeflional reputation, and was received as fellow 
of the college of phyficians in 1716. Fle publiflied in 
that year the firfl and third books of Hippocrates de Morbis 
Popularilns, Greek and Latin, fubjoining to them a Com- 
mentary on Fevers. This is a performance of great erudi¬ 
tion, affording a perfpicuous view of the pratlice of the 
Greek phyficians, of which he is for the molt part a 
zealous defender. It alfo touches upon fome points of 
modern practice, and in particular recommends the ufeof 
purgatives in the fecondary fever of the confluent fmall- 
pox. 7 'his opinion was animadverted upon by Dr. Wood¬ 
ward in a publication entided The State of Phyfic and 
Difeafes, written with unbecoming acrimony. To this, 
Dr. Freind firft oppofed a ludicrous reply, in the name of 
that noted enipyric. Byfield. At length he thought pro¬ 
per to give a ferious anfwer, in a Latin letter addreffed to 
Dr. Mead, entitled De Purganlibus in fecunda Variularum 
Conjluentium Febre, 8vo. 1719 ; which contains many valu¬ 
able obfervations elegantly expreifed, and much contri¬ 
buted to eftablifli.the praftice for which he contended. 
He pafted through the offices of the college during this 
period, and in 1720 delivered a Harveian oration, which 
was much applauded. We are not acquainted with the 
reafons which induced him, while purluingwith fo much 
fuccefs his medical career, to engage in political life ; but 
in 1722 he entered into parliament as burgefs for Laun. 
cefton. His connexions were with the party at this time 
in oppofition to the court ; and as the times w ere critical, 
and his attachments warm, liis conduct foon expofed hint 
to fufpicion. Bifliop Atterbury’s plot for the reftoration 
of the Stuart family was the leading topic of this period, 
and when a motion againft the prelate was made in the 
houfe of commons, Dr. Freind was among the fpeakers 
in his favour. As the circumftances of the time had 
given the miniftry a pretext for the fufpenfion of the ha¬ 
beas corpus aft, feveral perfons of confeqitence were com¬ 
mitted tocuftody, among whom was Dr. Freind, charged 
with fufpicion of liigh-treafon. The oppofition fuggelted 
that the only ground for this was his parliamentary con- 
duft ; but Walpole declared privately to feveral perfons, 
that there was pofitive proof of the blackeft treafon againft 
him. This, however, was never brought forward ; and, 
afteraconfinenient in the Tower from March 15, 1723,10 
June 21 ot the fame year, he w,as liberated. He now 
laid the plan of his greateft work, of whicii the firft part 
appeared in 1725, and the fecond in 1726. This was 
The Hiftory of Pnyfic from the time of Galen to the Be¬ 
ginning of the Sixteenth Century, chiefly with Regard to 
Fraftice, in a Difcourfe written to Dr. Mead, 2 vols. 8vo. 
VOL.VIII. No.481, 
This learned performance was meant as a kind of fupple- 
nient to the Hiftory of Phyfic by Daniel Le Clerc. It is 
divided into three parts, treating refpeftively of the 
Greek phyficians after Galen, of the Arabians, and of the 
moderns. 
Whatever political fufpicions might have fallen upoa 
Dr. Freind in confequence of his coiineftions, tlie (lain of 
difiiffeftion to the reigning family niuft be regarded as ob¬ 
literated by his appointment, on the acceffioii of George 11 . 
to the poft of phyfician to queen Caroline. He did not 
long, however, enjoy this honourable iruft, foradecline 
of his cor.ftitution put a period to his life in July, 1728, 
in his fifty-fecond year. The Latin works ot Dr. Freind 
were publiflied by Dr. Wigan, in afolio volume, London, 
i 733 > "’ith a Latin verfion of the Hiftory of Phyfic, and a 
Life of tlie author prefixed. Several foreign editions of 
the fame have been given. 
FREIN'DORFF, a town of Germany, in the arc'.idti- 
chy of Auftria : four miles fouth-eaft of Tulin. 
FREIN'SHEIM, a town of Germany, in the circle of 
the Lower Rhine, and palatinate of the Rhine : ten miles 
vveft-north-wcft of Manheim, and twenty weft-norfh-weft 
of Heidelberg. 
FREIN'SHEIM (John), born at Ulm, in Suabia, in 
1608. He ftudied at the univerfitie^ of Mafpurg and 
Gielfcn, whence he was transferred to Stralburg. Some 
German poems of his compofuion made him known to 
Matthew Bernegger, who took him into his houfe, and 
gave him the ule of his library. The young ftudent im¬ 
proved this advantage vvith inceffant diligence, and car¬ 
ried his refearclies into every part of literature. His know¬ 
ledge of languagesvvas uncommonly extenfive, compre¬ 
hending not only thofe of antiquity, but moft of tlie mo¬ 
dern European dialefts. In 1634 lie was invited to Metz, 
as interpreter to the king’s fecrctaries. After occupying 
it for three years, he returned, and married the d.tughter 
of Bernegger, with whom he took up his refidence. He 
accepted, in 1642, the profelforfiiip of politics and elo¬ 
quence at Upfal. There he continued five years, vvlien 
queen Cliriltina engaged him at a liberal ftipend to adt as 
Iter librarian and hiftoriograplier. In 1651 he requefted 
permiftion, on account of his health, to return to Germa¬ 
ny ; and in the next year he was invited to Heidelberg by 
the eledtor Cliarles-Louis, and created eleftoral coutifel- 
lor, and honorary profelFor in the univerfity. In this 
fituation he cultivated an extenfive correfpondence with 
the learned throughout Fdurope, and was honoured with 
the friendftiip and efteem of many perfons of rank. He 
- died at Heidelberg in j66o, at tfie age of 52. 7 'his dis- 
tinguiftied profeflor reiideredjiinifelf eniiiient by his ler. 
vices to claftical literature. He iiluftrated with learned 
commentiuies, tables, &c. the Latin hiftorians Floriis, 
Q..^Curtius, and Tacitus; andcompofed lupplements for 
the loft books of Li vy, which are much tfteemed. He alfo 
publiflied many Latin orations, poems, and diirertations. 
He was affifted in fome of his claftical labours by liis bre- 
ther, Melchior Freinfheim. 
F'REIRE DE ANDRA'DA (Hyacinth), a Portugiiefe 
writer, born about 1597, of a noble family at Beja. He 
was brought up at the univerfity of Coimbra, where he 
took the degree of dodfor in canon lawc, and applied to 
the ftiidy of theology. He likewife took a p.art in politi¬ 
cal difcullion, and wrote a treatile in Spamlli, entitled 
Portvgal Rtjlaurado, in wliich he maintained the right of 
the houfe of Braganza to the crown. After receiving 
prieft’s orders, he went to the court of Spain, where he 
was well received by the firft minifter of Pliilip IV. who 
confulted him upon affairs of importance, and conferred 
upon him a valuable abbacy in the provinceof Beira, Flis 
paniotic freedom of fpeech, however, deftroyed his prof- 
pefta of advancemen:, and brought him into perl'onal 
danger. Being interrogated refpedting the pretenfions ot 
the king of Spain to tlie crown of Portugal, he replied, 
“ That they were only ihofe of force and ulurpation 
and having compofed a work in favour of the title of Cr- 
K. Siiariiie 
